CHAPTER 2 Management Learning Past To Present BOH4M CHAPTER 2 Management Learning Past To Present Lajipe Faleyimu

CHAPTER OVERVIEW What can be learned from classical management thinking? What are the insights of the behavioural management approaches? What are the foundations of modern management thinking? Lajipe Faleyimu

Classical Management Approaches SCIENTIFIC MANAGEMENT – emphasizes careful selection and training of workers and supervisory support. Lajipe Faleyimu

Administrative Principles Division of labour Authority Discipline Unity of command Subordination of Individual Interests Remuneration Centralization Scalar Chain Order Equity Personnel Tenure Initiative Esprit de corps Lajipe Faleyimu

Classical Management Approaches BUREAUCRACY – rational and efficient form of organization founded on logic, order and legitimate authority Lajipe Faleyimu

Classical Management – Bureaucratic organizations Characteristics of bureaucratic organizations: Clear division of labour Clear hierarchy of authority Formal rules and procedures Impersonality Careers based on merit Possible disadvantages of bureaucracy: Excessive paperwork or “red tape” Slowness in handling problems Rigidity in the face of shifting needs Resistance to change Employee apathy Lajipe Faleyimu

BEHAVIOURAL MANAGEMENT APPROACHES Figure 2.2 Foundations in the behavioral or human resource approaches to management Lajipe Faleyimu

Figure 2.3 Maslow’s hierarchy of human needs. Lajipe Faleyimu

BEHAVIOURAL MANAGEMENT APPROACHES McGregor’s Theory X assumes that workers: Dislike work Lack ambition Are irresponsible Resist change Prefer to be led McGregor’s Theory Y assumes that workers are: Willing to work Capable of self control Willing to accept responsibility Imaginative and creative Capable of self-direction Lajipe Faleyimu

MODERN MANAGEMENT FOUNDATIONS Quantitative analysis and tools Systems view of organizations Contingency thinking Commitment to quality Learning organizations Evidence-based management Lajipe Faleyimu

MODERN MANAGEMENT FOUNDATIONS 21st Century Manager Managers have to excel as never before to meet the expectations held of them and of the organization they lead. Attributes of a 21st Century Manager Global strategist – understanding the interconnections among nations, cultures and economies Master of technology – comfortable with information technology Inspiring leader – attracting and motivating workers to achieve high-performance culture Model of ethical behaviour – acting ethically in all ways Lajipe Faleyimu

REVIEW: MANAGEMENT LEARNING PAST TO PRESENT Should Weber’s notion of the ideal bureaucracy be scrapped, or is it still relevant today? How can a manager, even today, benefit from the Maslow’s needs theory Can system and subsystem dynamics describe performance problems for an organization in your community? Lajipe Faleyimu