Evidence Based Practice Lecture-6 Forms of evidence Identifying different sources of Evidence How to evaluate a web page Ways of Searching for evidence

Sources of answerable question Professional practice Professional trends Existing published research Your own curiosity Existing Theory

Forms of evidence Research based evidence Expert opinions Patient feed back Clinical experience Clinical records

Different Sources of Evidence Scholarly publications Electronic Bibliographic Databases World Wide Web (www)

Types of Scholarly publications Books None peer-Reviewed Journals and professional Magazines. Peer- Reviewed Journals Short Reports Editorials Systematic Reviews Book and technology Reviews Research Articles

Books Could be focused or general Good for background question but not a good sources for foreground question The credibility of the books depends upon the author credentials and the reputation of the publisher

None peer-Reviewed Journals and professional Magazines Publications could be of high quality but may be biased toward a targeted audience. They get into print faster, there fore can be useful for learning about current trends and controversies in the field. It will be unwise to depend solely on these sources for the evidence

Peer- Reviewed Journals The articles published in the Peer-Reviewed journals are considered more accurate and relevant. All of the articles have been scrutinized by experts in the field for accuracy of content, quality of research, and relevance to the field.

Short Reports Tend to describe new or developing programs,projects,or treatment techniques. They used to present results of research pilot studies and preliminary results from ongoing research. To provide the latest advances in a particular area.

Editorials Papers written by invited experts in the field. They tend to raise important issues for the field Propose visionary direction for the future Editorials tend to be useful when developing a background or rationale for proposals.

Systematic Reviews Systematic reviews usually provide broad background information and pre-appraised material for your question. It can be very efficient and effective to use systematic reviews to find an answer to your clinical question. Clinicians should seek a high quality systematic review rather than the primary studies addressing their clinical question.

Book and technology Reviews This reviews are usually invited critiques of new, available resources. The authors have some degree of expertise in the field specific to the content of the reviewed resource.

Research Articles These articles provide information on the newest scientific findings and advances in a particular area.

Electronic Bibliographic Databases MEDLINE: Compilation of medically and biomedically related publications. CINAHL :Focuses on publications of allied health profession. ERIC : Focuses on material from the field of education,ageline focuses on publications relating to older adults and aging Hooked on evidence: APTA Database for physical therapy related research. Open door: APTA Database for physical therapy related research.

World Wide Web (www) News and current events Busness/Markiting Informational Advocacy Personal Others

Ways of Searching for evidence Searching through electronic databases Manual searching through specific journals Retrieving the articles listed in the reference lists of articles Searching the world wide web.