Unit 4: Sensation, Perception and States of Consciousness

Slides:



Advertisements
Similar presentations
PERCEPTION is the process of organizing and interpreting sensory information.
Advertisements

Unit 4(G): Perceptual Organization and Interpretation
Perception The process of organizing and interpreting information, enabling us to recognize meaningful objects and events.
PSYCHOLOGY, Ninth Edition in Modules David Myers PowerPoint Slides Aneeq Ahmad Henderson State University Worth Publishers, © 2010.
PERCEPTION Our ________________ of the stimuli coming in from the world around us.
PERCEPTION Chapter 4.5. Gestalt Principles  Gestalt principles are based on the idea that the whole is greater than the sum of the parts.  These principles.
Perception The process of organizing and interpreting information, enabling us to recognize meaningful objects and events.
Unit 4: Sensation & Perception
Perception.
PSYC 1000 Lecture 21. Selective Attention: Stroop.
Thinking About Psychology: The Science of Mind and Behavior Charles T. Blair-Broeker Randal M. Ernst.
Modules 11, 15 & 16 A.P. Psychology: Sensation & Perception.
Myers’ PSYCHOLOGY (7th Ed)
Thinking About Psychology: The Science of Mind and Behavior Charles T. Blair-Broeker Randal M. Ernst.
Biopsychological Domain
Perceptual Organization Module 13. TASK OF PERCEPTION The task of perception is to extract sensory input from the environment and organize it into stable,
Perception The process of organizing and interpreting information, enabling us to recognize meaningful objects and events.
Perception: The process of organizing and interpreting sensory information PERCEPTION.
Perceptual Organization Chapter 6, Lecture 5 “The motion we then see in popular action adventures is not in the film, which merely presents a superfast.
CHAPTER 4 – SENSATION AND PERCEPTION SECTION 1 – SENSATION AND PERCEPTION: THE BASICS Objective: DISTINGUISH BETWEEN SENSATION AND PERCEPTION, AND EXPLAIN.
Gestalt Organization How the brain organizes incomplete information perceptually into a whole. “The whole is greater than the sum of its parts.” Our experiences,
Perception Is… The process of recognizing, organizing, and interpreting sensory information.
We do not perceive the world how it really is, but as it is useful for us to perceive it.
Perception 1. Inattentional Blindness Challenge: Count the number of passes the white shirts pass! VideoVideo (2mins) Video Type of selective attention.
Thinking About Psychology: The Science of Mind and Behavior 2e Charles T. Blair-Broeker Randal M. Ernst.
Perceptual Organization Unit 3 – RG 4e
Sensation and Perception
Perception: Uses top-down processing The process of organizing and interpreting sensory information Module 10.
Perception. Gestalt Psychology Gestalt means “an organized whole.” These psychologists emphasize our tendency to integrate pieces of information into.
Unit 4: Sensation, Perception and States of Consciousness
Chapter 6 Perception.  How do we create meaning out of sounds?  Selective Attention  focus of conscious awareness on a particular stimulus  Focus.
Perception Mr. Koch AP Psychology Forest Lake High School.
VISUAL PERCEPTION PRINCIPLES By Mikayla. VISUAL PERCEPTION PRINCIPLES  Gestalt principles 1.Closure 2.Proximity 3.Similarity 4.Figure-ground  Depth.
Perception The process of organizing and interpreting information, enabling us to recognize meaningful objects and events.
Perception Notes 6-3 (Obj. 5-11). Depth Perception Visual Cliff Depth perception enables us to judge distances. Gibson and Walk (1960) suggested that.
Visual Organization & Interpretation Unit 4 Module 19
© Prentice Hall, Gestalt Principles of Grouping proximity: grouping nearby figuresproximity: grouping nearby figures similarity: grouping similar.
Perception  How do we define it? How we recognize and interpret stimuli How we recognize and interpret stimuli Top down processing… Top down processing…
PERCEPTUAL ORGANIZATION.  When we are given a cluster of sensations, we organize them into a “gestalt” or a “whole”  “The whole is greater than the.
PERCEPTION!. What is perception? Go through your notes and in your own words write down what perception is?
Visual Organization and Interpretation Module 19.
Thinking About Psychology: The Science of Mind and Behavior
Depth Perception.
Unit 4: Perceptual Organization and Interpretation
Myers EXPLORING PSYCHOLOGY (6th Edition in Modules)
Myers’ PSYCHOLOGY Unit 4 Perception Worth Publishers Complete 6.1.
Perception crash course
Perception The process of organizing and interpreting information, enabling us to recognize meaningful objects and events.
PERCEPTION.
R. C. James Photograph.
THE VISUAL SYSTEM: PERCEPTUAL PROCESSES
Myers’ PSYCHOLOGY (5th Ed)
Good Morning! Go ahead and get your notebooks ready, we have a lot of ground to cover this morning! If you do not get everything down, this powerpoint.
Unit 4: Senation & Perception Day 3: Gestalt & Perception
Chapter 6: Perception.
Myers’ PSYCHOLOGY (6th Ed)
Drill 1.  The Amplitude of electromagnetic waves determines the ________of light Absolute Threshold Brightness Hue Difference Threshold Wavelength 
Perception The process of organizing and interpreting sensory information.
Perception Selective Attention focus of conscious awareness on a particular stimulus.
Visual Organization and Interpretation
Is the rabbit hole as deep as you think it is?
Chapter 6: Perception Pages
PERCEPTION is the process of organizing and interpreting sensory information.
Perceptual Organization
Unit 5: Sensation, Perception and States of Consciousness
Module 19 – Visual Organization and Interpretation
Perception The process of organizing and interpreting information, enabling us to recognize meaningful objects and events.
Unit 4(G): Perceptual Organization and Interpretation
Myers EXPLORING PSYCHOLOGY (6th Edition in Modules)
Gestalt The “whole,” or the organizational patterns that we tend to perceive Gestalt psychologists stressed that the whole is greater than the sum of its.
Presentation transcript:

Unit 4: Sensation, Perception and States of Consciousness WHS AP Psychology Unit 4: Sensation, Perception and States of Consciousness Essential Task 4-5: Essential Task 4-5: Describe general principles of perception/ top down processing (organizing and integrating sensation) that promote stable awareness of the external world with specific attention to the Gestalt principles of figure/ground, closure, proximity, connectedness, similarity and the mono and binocular cues for depth perception). Logo Green is R=8 G=138 B=76 Blue is R= 0 G=110 B=184 Border Grey is R=74 G=69 B=64

Perceptual Constancies Sensation Vision The Eye Theories Hearing The Ear Other Senses Smell Taste Pain Gestalt Principles Perceptual Constancies Perception Basic Principles Visual Illusions Depth Perception We are here

States of Consciousness Altered States of Consciousness Waking Consciousness Daydreaming and Fantasy Sleep Circadian Rhythm Stages/REM Dreams Disorders Drug-Altered Consciousness Depressants Hallucinogens Stimulants Hypnosis Hidden Observer Actor Meditation Substance Abuse

Essential Task 4-5: Outline Describe general principles of perception/top down processing Gestalt principles of: Figure-ground closure proximity connectedness, similarity Depth perception Monocular cues Binocular cues

Our brains are meaning machines We organize the sensory information coming into our brains. We make assumptions about the sensory information. Oftentimes our perception is greater than the sum of the parts actually presented to our senses.

Top down processing

Sidewalk chalk art 3D art

Gestalt Psychology From the German word meaning ‘the whole’ Studied human perceptual self-organizing tendencies. Found that the brain creates a coherent perceptual experience that is more than simply the sum of the available sensory information AND it does this in predictable ways So predictable that artists can exploit our common perceptions to do things like 3D Art https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=9Eu11jL6Oo4 Humans organize and integrate pieces of information into meaningful wholes How does the artist make his drawing look three d ???

First step in visual PERCEPTION Determine Figure from the background (figure-ground) We organize the visual field into objects (figures) that stand out from their surroundings (ground).

Figure-ground Foreground = figure Background (vase)

Examples of figure-ground OBJECTIVE 4| Explain the figure-ground relationship and identify principles of perceptual grouping in form perception. What you make the figure and what you back the background determines your perception

Examples of figure-ground

Figure-ground

Figure-ground examples

How people form perceptions Closure Proximity Similarity Continuity Connectedness Grouping

We organize by closure

Closure

We organize by Proximity

Proximity

Proximity and Closure

We organize by Similarity

Similarity

We organize by similarity

Find the panda! Since we organize things in similarities… it makes it difficult for us to find a panda in this picture

Find the panda!

Continuity

Connectedness The Principle of Common Region states that objects that are within the same region are perceptually grouped together. 

Depth Perception Depth perception enables us to judge distances. Gibson and Walk (1960) suggested that human infants (crawling age) have depth perception. Even newborn animals show depth perception. OBJECTIVE 5| Explain the importance of depth perception, and discuss the contribution of visual cliff research to our understanding of this ability. 8 months old children develop visual cliff Visual Cliff

Binocular Cues Depth perception that you have because you have two eyes! Retinal Disparity Convergence

Binocular Cues: Retinal Disparity Retinal disparity: Images from the two eyes differ. The amount of disparity (difference) between the two images can be used as a cue for distance Try holding up two fingers one in front of the other. Focus on the front one (you should now see two images of the back one). Now move the back one away from, then back towards you, while still focusing on the front one. Close one eye then line the fingers together so that the closer finger eclipses the one in the back. Now open your eye that was closed, then shut the one that was open.

Binocular Cues: Convergence Convergence: Neuromuscular cues. When two eyes move inward (towards the nose) to see near objects and outward (away from the nose) to see faraway objects. OBJECTIVE 6| Describe two binocular cues for perceiving depth, and explain how they help the brain to compute distance.

Monocular Cues Relative Size: If two objects are similar in size, we perceive the one that casts a smaller retinal image to be farther away. provide depth information when viewing a scene with one eye OBJECTIVE 7| Explain how monocular cues differ from binocular cues, and describe several monocular cues for perceiving depth.

Monocular Cues Linear Perspective: Parallel lines, such as railroad tracks, appear to converge in the distance. The more the lines converge, the greater their perceived distance.

Monocular Cues Interposition: Objects that occlude (block) other objects tend to be perceived as closer.

Monocular Cues Relative Clarity: Because light from distant objects passes through more light than closer objects, we perceive hazy objects to be farther away than those objects that appear sharp and clear.

Monocular Cues Texture Gradient: Closer objects tend to have a courser texture than to far way objects

Monocular Cues Relative motion: Objects closer to a fixation point move faster and in opposing direction to those objects that are farther away from a fixation point, moving slower and in the same direction.

Anamorphic illusion https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=GIvD-_ITco8&feature=youtu.be

Monocular Cues Light and Shadow: Nearby objects reflect more light into our eyes than more distant objects. Given two identical objects, the ones that are shaded on top are seen as “sticking out toward us”

Our perceptions are predictable and therefore they can be exploited.

Impossible Figures impossible object (also known as an impossible figure) looks three-dimensional but cannot be a two-dimensional projection of a real three-dimensional object

How do we perceive forms? Perceptual Constancy Our tendency to perceive objects as stable and unchanging despite changing sensory information Color constancy Shape constancy Size constancy

Perceptual constancy Perceiving objects as unchanging Color Constancy Perceiving familiar objects as having consistent color even if change in illumination alters the wavelength https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=wiMDO2yXCsk Our brains needs to believe in consistency. So even when we see changes in color or shape we change out perception

Perceptual constancy What color dress is this? https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=AskAQwOBvhc https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=7p4ab_LWvZs

Is That Dress White and Gold or Blue and Black? Color Constancy

Are you actually seeing what you are seeing?

People's perception of one particular object's size will not change https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=hCV2Ba5wrcs Ames Room https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=gJhyu6nlGt8

Perception of Movement Apparent movement optical illusion that makes a still object appear to move https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=gIkzvdLRSO8 https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=TKqF9xN0_q4 Stroboscopic motion Created by a rapid series of still pictures https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=UFvTrL2cGMo Phi phenomenon Apparent motion created by lights flashing in sequence https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=UfcNoMnKjrY Autokinetic illusion Perceived motion of a single object due to eye movements on an ‘impoverished background’ https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=DVakQSYL8SA Illusions of movements!

Autokinetic illusion

False Patter Recognition Apophenia psychological phenomenon involving a stimulus (an image or a sound) wherein the mind perceives a familiar pattern of something where none actually exists. Perceptual set

False Pattern Recognition Pareidolia

False Pattern Recognition

False Pattern Recognition

False Pattern Recognition Superstition

False Pattern Recognition What did you see? What did you perceive? November of 2015 we had a mysterious light that appeared in nor cal. What do you see? Do you see a ufo? Do you see a weapon that the government is trying to hide? Celestial sign or omen It largely depends on what you believe

Perceptual Set Predisposition/readiness to precieve something in accordance to what we expect Motivation Culture Past experiences Context Schema Expectations (expectancy) Top down processing