Use these notes to fill in your worksheets: 1.1, 1.2, & 1.3 Chapter 1 Notes Use these notes to fill in your worksheets: 1.1, 1.2, & 1.3

Section 1.1 A New View of Earth Explain how scientists view Earth. How might this view of Earth change our daily habits? Scientists view Earth as a generally closed system. This means its resources are finite. Such a view suggests that people must conserve energy and resources as more will not form.

After You Read Cause and effect: Technology such as: Satellites Submersibles Computers Leads To 

2. Earth system science: The study of Earth as a system of interconnected aspects.

3. Models: Representations of an object, process, or phenomenon

Systems: Models showing a distinct part of the universe.

5. Open system: matter and energy exchanged between system and surroundings.

6. Closed system: energy enters, but no matter enters or leaves the system.

1.2 The Earth System’s Four Spheres Atmosphere: gaseous envelope; provides oxygen and carbon dioxide; shields Earth from solar radiation; only one in solar system to sustain life.

Geosphere: rocks, mountains, beaches; inner core of Earth; mineral resources; always shifting.

Hydrosphere: all water on Earth; only 3 percent is fresh; water continually recycled

Biosphere: all living things

After You Read Give an example of a way each sphere can influence another sphere. Name the sphere that is affected. Geosphere: Volcanic eruption fills lake (hydrosphere). Biosphere: Human beings blast tunnels through mountains (geosphere) to build roads. Hydrosphere: Heavy rains erode hillsides (geosphere) Atmosphere: Tornadoes touch down and destroy crops (biosphere)

1.3 Cycles in the Earth Into Atmosphere: Evaporation from bodies of water; transpiration in plants; formation of water vapor. Back to Ocean: Precipitation; runoff; groundwater. Into Atmosphere: Living things exhale; decaying organic matter; burning carbon-based material; volcanic eruptions; diffused from ocean water. Out of Atmosphere: Plant photosynthesis; phytoplankton photosynthesis; wave action conversion.

After You Read Compare and contrast the carbon cycle and water cycles with the energy cycle. In the carbon and water cycles, matter is never lost or gained. In the energy cycle, however, some energy is lost as it moves through the cycle. Where does it go? …SPACE.

After You Read What is albedo? What happens to the Earth’s energy budget when the albedo in the area changes? 2. Albedo is the amount of energy reflected by a part of Earth’s surface. Changing albedo can unbalance the energy budget by reflecting more energy away from Earth or by absorbing more into it.