Robert Herling, Planner Duluth-Superior Metropolitan Interstate Council A Quantitative Assessment Method For System Safety & Efficiency September 18, 2008

NOT scientific NOT statistically significant IS a way to measure relative performance IS inexpensive IS fair & balanced The methodology is…

* * Transportation in Duluth- Superior

Goal of Transportation Systems Management (TSM): Improved safety & efficiency through low-cost, high-benefit solutions Improved safety & efficiency through low-cost, high-benefit solutions perform a system-wide assessment perform a system-wide assessment prioritize locations by needs prioritize locations by needs provide a method of monitoring provide a method of monitoring MIC Project Objectives

3 crashes per year Reduced crash rate High severity rate 3 Crashes per year Moderate crash rate Low severity rate YEAR 1 6 Crashes per year High crash rate High severity rate Strategy: identify, quantify, and monitor… YEAR 3 YEAR 5

running a system-wide analysis with any frequency balancing safety and efficiency needs balancing spot locations and road segments comparing needs between two states Challenges: Solutions: thresholds to limit number of locations analyzed address spot locations and road segments separately do two separate assessments (MN & WI)

Started with a previous concept: Adjusted Scale 5 year crash trend Current crash severity Level of service Functional class ABCDEF Major/ Major Major/ Minor Major/ Collector Minor/ Minor Minor/ Collector Collector/ Collector

Only analyzed spot locations Safety threshold: 3 or more crashes in most recent year Mobility threshold: LOS D or poorer Did not compare MN results with WI results Initial attempt in 2006:

First assessment done in 2006: Locations ranked with weight values (LOS given more influence) For each location, analysis of conditions contributing to poor safety & capacity

Too simplified Crash rate not the best measure Too much emphasis put on LOS Problems with 2006 assessment: Suggested improvements: Use similar measures for both capacity and safety Use same number of measures for both Get rid of the weights

Crash frequency (Quantity) Crash severity rate (Severity) Average increase in crash rate (Change) Safety performance measures: Mobility performance measures: AADT per lane mile (Quantity) LOS (Severity) % change in AADT (Change) Improved methodology:

5 crashes () ÷ Average number of crashes per year “Quantity measure” for safety:

property damage crashes ( x 1x 1 ) injury crashes ( x 2x 2 ) fatality crashes ( x 3x 3 ) Number of equivalent property damage crashes per million vehicles “Severity measure” for safety: x [ ++ ] total years x 365 days x intersection AADT 1,000,000 vehicles entering

year Change in Rate 5 yr Avg to 2003 State Hwy 194 & Mesaba Ave E 4 th St & 6 th Ave E 2002 to 2003 Average change in crash rate vs. base year’s change in crash rate (2002 to 2003) “Change measure” for safety: Change in Rate 1 year – ∆2003 ∆ ∆ ∆ ∆2006 () ÷ 4 []

AADT per lane (factored by traffic control type) “Quantity measure” for mobility: where: No control (not an intersection) =.01 Roundabout =.02 Signal (protected L-turn for all) =.03 Signal (protected L-turn for some) =.04 Signal (no protected L-turns) =.05 Stop or Yield = x traffic control device factornumber of lanes () ÷ AADT 2006

LOS as identified by TP Plus model “Severity measure” for mobility: A, B, C, D, E, F () LOS A = 1 LOS B = 2 LOS C = 3 LOS E = 5 LOS F = 6 LOS A = 4 where:

% change in AADT from 1 st year to last year (adjusted by func. class) “Change measure” for mobility: Where FC is: Major arterial = 5 Minor arterial = 4 Major collector = 3 Major collector = 2 Local road = 1 () FC 1 + FC 2 +… FC n + ( 100 ) ÷ AADT AADT 2002 AADT 2002

Indexing How can these things be compared? Composite scoring I j = -100(X/R) +100 n C = Σ(I j ) j - 1 Creates an individual score between Combines all individual scores for a final score between

worst severity rate ( ] best severity rate ) _ [ worst severity rate ) ( _ location’sSeverityrate Indexing I j = -100(X/R)+100 ÷ -100 x +100 example:

Composite scoring n C = Σ(I j ) j - 1 index value for LOS () index value for AADT per lane mi () index value for % change in AADT ( ) index value for % change In crash rate ( ) index value for crash frequency ( ) index value for severity rate ( )

Can prioritize locations by composite score INTERSECTIONS COMPOSITE SCORE

Or analyze locations in how they rank by safety or efficiency INTERSECTIONS COMPOSITE SCORE

E 4 th St - Heading NE 6 th Ave E - Heading SW E 4 th St & 6 th Ave E: Mobility Issues E 4 th St 6 th Ave E LOS D LOS C * Lack of protected L-turns on E 4 th St

W 7 th St Skyline Pkwy W 7 th St - Heading SW Skyline Pkwy - Heading NE Skyline Pkwy & W 7 th St: Safety Issues * Inadequate sight distances

NOT scientific NOT statistically significant IS a way to measure relative performance IS inexpensive IS fair & balanced The methodology is…

Questions? Robert Herling, Planner: Duluth-Superior Metropolitan Interstate Council (MIC):