The Industrial Revolution Ch. 22 Bell-ringer: Describe all the jobs you have held. If you’ve never had a job, what job will you have first? What do you hope to do for your first REAL job?

Agricultural Revolution Preceded Industrial Revolution –Farming innovations made food production easier Crop rotation Iron Plow Small group of farmers replaced the many –Huge labor force created

Industrial Revolution Began in G.B. –Favorable Factors of Production Land (resources) Capital (money and tools) Labor (workforce)

Industrial Revolution Mechanization –Automatic Machinery Textile industry –Richard Arkwright Water-powered spinning mill

Industrial Revolution Eli Whitney –Cotton gin- separated seeds from cotton Slave labor increased profits

Industrial Revolution Henry Bessemer –Bessemer Process- efficient way of producing steel More effective than iron in steam engines Could withstand higher temperatures

Industrial Revolution New methods of transportation developed to transport goods –Canals –Stone roadways Steam Locomotives Steamboats- Robert Fulton –Benefit?

Industrial Revolution Communication –Morse Code- Samuel Morse Instant communication over large distances Clip?

Industrial Revolution Spread to other countries –France and U.S.

Life during the I.R. Low wages –Higher for men Hours –14 hours/6 days/week Children (<6 years old) –Strict (beaten for being late) Living –Tenements (apartment buildings crammed)

Life During the I.R. Development of Middle class –Doctors, lawyers, merchants, bankers, and business owners New opportunities for women –Nurses, teachers, and phone operators eventually

New Ideas Interchangeable parts Henry Ford  Assembly line

Capitalism Europe and U.S. Privately owned factors of production –Not the gov Corporations –Sell stock Monopolies developed –Complete control over single good or service

Business Cycle Increased demand for one good might increase demand for other goods –Opposite is also true Examples anyone?

Reforms Restrictions set for women and children Strikes, unions, and collective bargaining OH MY!

Socialism Government owns means of production for the good of all –Karl Marx, strong proponent of socialism Workers must unite to overthrow capitalism Communism  political movements to bring socialism –All communists are socialists, but not all socialists are communist