  What changes could be made in modern cities to improve living conditions?  Make a short list.  Discuss with your neighbor. Opening Assignment 9/22/2015

Chapter 8 Section 1 Learning Target: The students will recognize and analyze changes to urban living through study of technological innovation.

  In 1870, only 25 American cities had populations of 50,000 or more; by 1890, 58 American cities had 50,000 or more.  By 1900 four out of ten Americans (40%) made their homes in cities. Urbanization

 What is the change in urban population from 1870 – 1910? What about from 1910– 1990?

  Two major innovations led to the popularity of skyscrapers.  Steel internal skeletons supported the weight of such tall buildings.  Elevators made moving people and furniture easier. Skyscrapers

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  Trolley cars and subways led to growth in the suburbs as cities began to expand outward as well as upward.  Some cities used trains elevated above street level instead of underground.  These were called “L” trains. Electric Transit

 Chicago “L”

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  City planners sought to restore a measure of serenity to the environment by designing recreational areas.  Chicago is a perfect example of a city in need of urban planning.  From 1850 to 1870 Chicago grew from 30,000 residents to 300,000 residents.  Chicago was also rebuilt following the Great Fire of Urban Planning

  Daniel Burnham oversaw the transformation of a swampy area near Lake Michigan into a sparkling “White City” for Chicago’s 1893 World’s Colombian Exposition also called the World’s Fair.  Burnham left Chicago an important legacy: an overall plan for the city’s downtown area.  Instead of piers and warehouses Chicago’s lakefront features parks and sandy beaches even today. Urban Planning

 The White City, Chicago 1893

 Chicago Lakefront on Lake Michigan

  By 1890 the literacy rate in the US was nearly 86% 1860 literacy rate 50%.  Publishing & printing businesses expanded and consumers bought more newspapers, books, and magazines.  New developments in technology increased this production.  Large quantities of inexpensive paper made from wood pulp and the new high-speed printing presses made this possible. New Technology: Print Media

  Orville and Wilbur Wright, also called the Wright Brothers, experimented with the internal combustion engine and gliders.  They put these two new technologies together on December 17, 1903 in North Carolina for their first successful flight.  Their flight lasted 12 seconds and traveled 120 feet.  In less than three years the Wright Bro. would be flying 24 miles in a single flight. New Technology: Airplanes

 Wright Bro. 1 st Flight

  Before the 1880’s photography was a profession, requiring heavy equipment and sensitive film.  George Eastman developed an alternative to heavy glass plates and instead used a flexible roll of film.  Eastman decided to market his product to the common person. New Technology: Photography

  In 1888 Eastman introduced the Kodak Camera.  The price was $25 and came with 100 pictures on a roll of film already installed in the camera.  When finished taking the roll of pictures the customer simply sent the camera through the mail to the Eastman Factory where the film was processed and a new roll of film was installed in the camera.  The processing cost an additional $10 but brought amateur photography to the masses in America. Eastman Kodak Camera

 An Eastman Kodak

 Compact 35 mm camera

 The Polaroid Instant Camera

 The First Digital Camera 1991

 The First Camera Phone 1997

  Describe how George Eastman’s development of the portable Kodak Camera has led to photography being a part of American culture.  Consider the development of cameras over the last 100 years of US history.  35mm Compact Camera circa  Polaroid Instant Camera circa  Digital Camera circa  Camera Phone circa  Write at least one paragraph of five sentences. Ticket out the door