Big Idea / Theme The Road to Independence

Responsibility and Rights Responsibility and Rights Rhetoric of the Revolution Rhetoric of the Revolution Persuasion Persuasion Historical documents Historical documents Founding fathers Founding fathers Women’s roles Women’s roles

Benjamin Franklin Printer, scientist, inventor Printer, scientist, inventor ElectricityElectricity BifocalsBifocals Franklin stoveFranklin stove Daylight Savings TimeDaylight Savings Time Lightning rodLightning rod

Ambassador to Britain and France Ambassador to Britain and France Signed the Constitution Signed the Constitution 1 st Post Master General 1 st Post Master General Wrote: Autobiography Wrote: Autobiography Poor Richard’s Almanack Poor Richard’s Almanack

Literary Element Autobiography Autobiography The story of a person’s life written by that person. Autobiographies can give insights into the author’s view of himself or herself and of the society in which he or she lived. The Autobiography of Benjamin Franklin is a famous example of the genre. The story of a person’s life written by that person. Autobiographies can give insights into the author’s view of himself or herself and of the society in which he or she lived. The Autobiography of Benjamin Franklin is a famous example of the genre.

Aphorism Aphorism A short, pointed statement that expresses a wise or clever observation about human experience. “Poor Richard’s Almanack” by Benjamin Franklin contains many aphorisms, such as “What you would seem to be, be really.” A short, pointed statement that expresses a wise or clever observation about human experience. “Poor Richard’s Almanack” by Benjamin Franklin contains many aphorisms, such as “What you would seem to be, be really.”

Rhetoric of the Revolution Persuasion Persuasion 3 appeals 3 appeals LogicalLogical EmotionalEmotional EthicalEthical

Rhetorical Devices Figurative language Figurative language Hyperbole Hyperbole Rhetorical question Rhetorical question Parallelism Parallelism Connotative language Connotative language

Patrick Henry Famous for saying “Give me liberty, or give me death!” Famous for saying “Give me liberty, or give me death!” Governor and legislator (Virginia) Governor and legislator (Virginia) Helped get the Bill of Rights added to the Constitution Helped get the Bill of Rights added to the Constitution Turned down Chief Justice of the Supreme Court Turned down Chief Justice of the Supreme Court

Literary Element Rhetorical question Rhetorical question A question to which no answer is expected or the answer is already known. It is used to emphasize the obvious answer to what is asked. A question to which no answer is expected or the answer is already known. It is used to emphasize the obvious answer to what is asked.

Thomas Jefferson 1743 – – 1826 George Washington’s Secretary of State George Washington’s Secretary of State Vice President under John Adams Vice President under John Adams 3 rd President of the United States 3 rd President of the United States Louisiana Purchase Louisiana Purchase Lewis & Clark Expedition Lewis & Clark Expedition Built Monticello Built Monticello Founded University of Virginia Founded University of Virginia Died on 50 th anniversary of the Declaration of Independence – July 4, 1826 Died on 50 th anniversary of the Declaration of Independence – July 4, 1826 Wrote the Declaration of Independence Wrote the Declaration of Independence

Literary Element Parallelism Parallelism (sometimes called “matching parts”) (sometimes called “matching parts”) It is the phrasing of similar ideas or elements – words, phrases, or sentences – in the same grammatical form. In the Declaration of Independence, Thomas Jefferson uses parallelism effectively. It is the phrasing of similar ideas or elements – words, phrases, or sentences – in the same grammatical form. In the Declaration of Independence, Thomas Jefferson uses parallelism effectively.

Natural Rights Natural Rights Government by contract Government by contract

Thomas Paine 1737 – – 1809 Tried for treason in England Tried for treason in England Became a citizen of France Became a citizen of France But, during Revolution, was thrown in prison and stripped of citizenship But, during Revolution, was thrown in prison and stripped of citizenship Went back to U.S. Went back to U.S. Wrote: Common Sense Wrote: Common Sense The Crisis The Crisis The Rights of Man The Rights of Man

Literary Element Tone Tone An author’s attitude toward his or her subject matter or the audience. Tone is conveyed through elements such as word choice, punctuation, sentence structure, and figures of speech. A writer’s tone might convey a variety of attitudes such as sympathy, objectivity, or humor. An author’s attitude toward his or her subject matter or the audience. Tone is conveyed through elements such as word choice, punctuation, sentence structure, and figures of speech. A writer’s tone might convey a variety of attitudes such as sympathy, objectivity, or humor.

Phillis Wheatley Was a slave Was a slave Taught to read and write Taught to read and write 1 st Black poet published in America 1 st Black poet published in America Was freed Was freed Died in poverty Died in poverty Wrote “To His Excellency, General Washington” Wrote “To His Excellency, General Washington”

Literary Element Couplet Couplet Two consecutive, paired lines of rhymed verse usually forming a stanza. The last two lines of Phillis Wheatley’s “To His Excellency, General Washington,” are a couplet. Two consecutive, paired lines of rhymed verse usually forming a stanza. The last two lines of Phillis Wheatley’s “To His Excellency, General Washington,” are a couplet.

Abigail Adams 1744 – – 1818 Wife of John Adams (2 nd President) Wife of John Adams (2 nd President) Mother of John Quincy Adams (6 th ) Mother of John Quincy Adams (6 th ) Argued for women’s rights and education Argued for women’s rights and education Against slavery Against slavery Known for her letter writing Known for her letter writing

Literary Element Description Description A detailed portrayal of a person, a place, an object, or an event. Good descriptive writing appeals to the senses through imagery. A detailed portrayal of a person, a place, an object, or an event. Good descriptive writing appeals to the senses through imagery.

David McCullough Winner of Pulitzer Prize Winner of Pulitzer Prize Wrote John Adams Wrote John Adams

Literary Element Figurative language Figurative language Language used for descriptive effect in order to convey ideas or emotions. Figurative expressions are not literally true but express some truth beyond the literal level. Figurative language is especially common in poetry. Language used for descriptive effect in order to convey ideas or emotions. Figurative expressions are not literally true but express some truth beyond the literal level. Figurative language is especially common in poetry.