Convention on the Conservation of Migratory Species of Wild Animals -Bonn Convention- (Bonn, 1979)

Rationale of CMS Migratory species are: Common biological resources (shared by all Ranges States) Vulnerable (subject to different threats in different States) All Range States have an individual and common responsibility to conserve and sustainably use especially for future generations Conservation requires coordinated measures through cooperation across the migratory range

Migratory Birds including Waterbirds Seabirds Grassland birds Raptors

Terrestrial Mammals including Gazelles Elephants Bats

Marine Mammals including Seals Dolphins / Porpoises some large Whales

Marine Turtles

Fish (Sharks, Sturgeon, Giant Catfish etc.)

Insects (Butterflies)

Threatening processes Desertification Climate change Reducing the Threats to Migratory Species Globally By-catch mitigation Cetaceans Marine turtles Albatross and Petrels Barriers to migration Dams Power lines Fences Wind farms Habitat loss Conservation Restoration

Beyond Aesthetics: Linkages between Migratory Species, Ecosystems and Sustainable Development Migratory species: Contribute to ecosystem: Structure and function (e.g., biomass, perturbance, pollination/seed dispersal) Provisioning services (e.g., food sources) Regulating services (e.g., predation, pollination) Cultural services (e.g., spiritual, recreational, educational, symbolic) Multi-scale contributions Socio-economic benefits –> sustainable livelihoods

Biodiversity-related Conventions

CITES CMS Regulation (prohibition where necessary) of international trade, mainly of parts/derivatives of already harvested animals Comparison: CITES vs. CMS Regulation (prohibition where necessary) of domestic harvesting Promoting regional cooperation / dialogue through multilateral Agreements Stimulating conservation measures on the ground

Operational tools of CMS: Concerted actions, strict protection for endangered species Concerted actions, strict protection for endangered species Co-operative Agreements to restore favourable conservation status Co-operative Agreements to restore favourable conservation status Co-operative research and conservation (projects) Co-operative research and conservation (projects)

APPENDIX I Endangered species Strict domestic protection measures Conservation / and restoration of critical habitat Removal or mitigation of obstacles to migration

APPENDIX II Instruments for species conservation: Agreements / Action Plans (legally-binding) Memoranda of Understanding / Action Plans Action Plans (stand-alone)

III. Selected CMS-sponsored Projects (as of 1 Feb. 2003) West African cetaceans Marine turtle by-catch Siberian crane Indo-Pacific turtle genetics Marine otter; Humboldt penguin Huelmul deer Ruddy-headed goose La Plata dolphin Antelopes SE Asian cetaceans Green turtle Slender-billed curlew Flamingo Grassland birds Ferruginous duck Lesser white- fronted goose White-headed duck

GEF Project: Asian Wetlands for Siberian Cranes and other Waterbirds Participating countries: Russian Federation, Kazakhstan, Iran, China Initial GEF funding: $350,000 Full project: 5 years, $10.5 million ($12 million co-financing) Partners: CMS - ICF - UNEP

AEWA: Wetlands for African-Eurasian Waterbirds 12 demonstration sites $12 million dollars (GEF) Co-financing: Germany and Netherlands Partners: AEWA and Ramsar

Major CMS COP7 Outcomes 41 new species added: App. I (21) and App. II (20) Minimising threats: EIA, by-catch, oil pollution, electrocution risks and wind turbines CBD/CMS Joint Work Programme adopted Institutional MoUs with UNESCO and CITES signed New Agreements sought for small cetaceans and sirenians Support for America Pacific Flyway Program Sustainable use guidelines for Leatherback turtle

CMS Western Hemisphere Facts at a Glance Membership  Latin America: 8 Parties  Caribbean: 3 Parties  [North America: 1 MoU signatory (IOSEA)] 10 projects: past, present and future (since 1999)  US$180,275 Marine and terrestrial mammals (e.g., surveys/conservation actions) Terrestrial and sea birds (e.g., fishing impacts) Marine turtles (e.g., by-catch)

CMS Western Hemisphere Facts at a Glance Latin American Regional Workshop (2001) Future possible Agreements  Andean flamingo  Ruddy-headed goose  America Pacific flyway (water birds) (?)  Raptors (?)  Small cetaceans (?)  Bats (?) Co-operative relationships  Inter-American Turtles Convention  Cartagena Convention

Continual evolution, adaptation through Agreements CMS Strengths / Innovative features Stable atmosphere for debate Strong NGO partnerships Solid support from key countries Species and habitat-based approach / focus Pragmatic stance vis-à-vis non-Parties

For more information: CMS publications / contacts Web:

Photo credits: BIOS Photo Agency, Lincoln P. Brower, Jacques Fretey, F. Graner, F. R. Greenaway, Christine Hemer, Douglas Hykle, International Crane Foundation, Paul Vescci