1 Root cause analysis

2 Why analyse? No organization, government or actor can do everything/ fund everything in health  Choices have to be made. Information from analysis is critical to inform policy dialogue and assist with evidence-based priority setting. It is also an important entry point for integrating a gender, equity and human rights lens.

3 Analysis – some issues Avoid bias – unintentional mismatch of emphasis on the input of a particular group over others (e.g. income etc.) Avoid discrimination – intentional omission or disregard of certain voices or results (e.g. due to social status, ethnicity). Enhance accuracy – wherever possible, triangulate both quantitative and qualitative information using different sources

4 The Problem Tree

5 Malaria is among the top notifiable diseases in the country. People living with Malaria represent all sectors of society, but the disease hits particular groups hardest, such as ethnic minorities, migrants and labourers, particularly those engaged in forest activities. Men represent the majority of reported Malaria infections. An exception to the rule is pregnant women, who are at greater risk of severe malaria in most endemic areas. What are possible causes and consequences? Exercise: Identifying roots and branches

6 Integrating equity, gender and human rights Answer 4 critical questions:  Who has been left behind?  Why? o Which rights are at stake? o How have gender norms, roles and relations affected risk/exposure, household investments in care, nutrition and education, access to and use of health services or the social impact of ill-health?  Who has to do something about it?  What do they need, to take action? Process and outcome are equally important

7 Good practice Encourage country ownership and responsibility Facilitate partnerships and team building Encourage stakeholder participation Reinforce in-country capacities