Practice Quiz 3 Hurley 4.3 – 4.6

For the quiz … I will provide you with a categorical proposition, like… No apples sold in Minnesota are mushy weapons I’ll ask you for its quality qualifier quantity quantifier copula distribution letter name terms

1 Consider: No non-A are B (T) Obversion Some non-A are B. (F) All A are non-B. (Und.) All non-A are non-B. (T) Some non-A are not B. (T) No B are non-A. (T)

2 Consider: All A are non-B. (F) Contraposition All A are non-B. (F) All non-B are A. (Und.) No non-A are B. (Und.) All B are non-A. (F) Some non-A are not B. (T)

3 Consider: Some A are not non-B. (T)  Some A are B. Contraposition (T) Contrary (F) Conversion (T) Obversion (T) Subcontrary (Und.)

4 Consider: Some non-A are B. (F)  Some B are non-A. Subcontrary (T) Conversion (Und.) Contraposition (Und.) Conversion (F) Contraposition (F)

5 Assume Aristotle (Traditional standpoint). Consider: Some A are non-B. (F)  Some A are not non-B. (F) Illicit, contrary Illicit, subalternation Subcontrary Illicit, subcontrary Contraposition

6 No S are P. (Aristotelian standpoint) After filling in the diagram … Area 2 is shaded, and there is a circled X in area 1. Areas 1 and 3 are shaded. Area 1 is shaded, and there is a circled X in area 2. There is an X in area 2. Area 1 is shaded, and there are no other marks.

7 All S are P. (Boolean standpoint) After filling in the diagram … Areas 1 and 3 are shaded. Area 2 is shaded, and there are no other marks. Area 1 is shaded, and there is a circled X in area 2. There is an X in area 2. Area 1 is shaded, and there are no other marks.

8 Shade area 2 and place an X in area 1. Which of the following would be valid inferences: shaded area 2. an X in area 3. an X in area 1. shaded 1. no X’s or shadings.

9 Shade area 1 and place an X in area 2. Which of the following would be valid inferences: shaded area 2. an X in area 3. shaded area 1, and X in area 2. shaded 1. no X’s or shadings.

10 Assume Aristotle (Traditional standpoint). Consider: No non-A are B. (T)  Some non-A are not B. (F) Illicit, subalternation Illicit, contradictory Contradictory Illicit, subcontrary Conversion

11 Assume Boole (Modern standpoint). Consider: No A are B. (T)  Some A are B. (F) Existential fallacy Illicit, contradictory Contradictory Illicit, subcontrary Conversion

12 Assume Boole (Modern standpoint). Consider: No A are B. (T)  All A are B. (F) Existential fallacy Illicit, contrary Contradictory Illicit, subcontrary Conversion

13 Assume Aristotle (Traditional standpoint) All square circles are happy shapes.  Some square circles are happy shapes. Existential fallacy Valid, contradictory Valid, subcontrary Invalid, subalternation Invalid, contrary

Conditional Validity Remember, if asked to test for conditional validity, assume Aristotelian standpoint (put a circled X in any unshaded area of the subject circle of a universal proposition). Test for validity. If valid, check to see whether the subject matter of the proposition exists. If so, Conditionally Valid. If not, Existential Fallacy. Example on next slide:

Conditionally Valid? No Moms are Tired Workers  Some Moms are not Tired Workers Conditionally Valid, or Existential Fallacy? M T X M T X

Answer Key … I will provide you with a categorical proposition, like… No apples sold in Minnesota are mushy weapons I’ll ask you for its quality (Negative) qualifier (‘No’) quantity (Universal) quantifier (‘No’) copula (‘are’) distribution (both Subject and Predicate) letter name (‘E’) terms (apples sold in Minnesota=subject term … mushy weapons=predicate term)

Answer Key 1=C, 2=D, 3=D, 4=D, 5=D, 6=A, 7=E, 8=A and C, 9=C and D, 10=A, 11=C (valid inference), 12=A, 13=A Final slide: Conditionally valid because ‘moms’ exist.