Figure 17.5b Gross anatomy of the heart. Left common carotid artery Brachiocephalic trunk Left subclavian artery Superior vena cava Aortic arch Ligamentum arteriosum Right pulmonary artery Left pulmonary artery Ascending aorta Left pulmonary veins Pulmonary trunk Auricle of left atrium Right pulmonary veins Circumflex artery Right atrium Right coronary artery (in coronary sulcus) Left coronary artery (in coronary sulcus) Anterior cardiac vein Left ventricle Right ventricle Right marginal artery Great cardiac vein Anterior interventricular artery (in anterior interventricular sulcus) Small cardiac vein Inferior vena cava Apex Anterior view © 2014 Pearson Education, Inc.

Figure 17.2a Location of the heart in the mediastinum. Midsternal line 2nd rib Sternum Diaphragm Location of apical impulse © 2014 Pearson Education, Inc.

Figure 17.2b Location of the heart in the mediastinum. Left lung Body of T7 vertebra Posterior © 2014 Pearson Education, Inc.

Figure 17.2c Location of the heart in the mediastinum. Superior vena cava Aorta Parietal pleura (cut) Pulmonary trunk Left lung Pericardium (cut) Apex of heart Diaphragm © 2014 Pearson Education, Inc.

Figure 17.3 The pericardial layers and layers of the heart wall. Pulmonary trunk Fibrous pericardium Parietal layer of serous pericardium Pericardium Myocardium Pericardial cavity Epicardium (visceral layer of serous pericardium) Heart wall Myocardium Endocardium Heart chamber © 2014 Pearson Education, Inc.

Figure 17.5e Gross anatomy of the heart. Aorta Left pulmonary artery Superior vena cava Left atrium Right pulmonary artery Left pulmonary veins Pulmonary trunk Right atrium Mitral (bicuspid) valve Right pulmonary veins Fossa ovalis Aortic valve Pectinate muscles Pulmonary valve Tricuspid valve Left ventricle Right ventricle Papillary muscle Chordae tendineae Interventricular septum Trabeculae carneae Epicardium Inferior vena cava Myocardium Endocardium Frontal section © 2014 Pearson Education, Inc.

Left ventricle Right ventricle Interventricular septum Figure 17.10 Anatomical differences between the right and left ventricles. Left ventricle Right ventricle Interventricular septum © 2014 Pearson Education, Inc.

Figure 17.1 The systemic and pulmonary circuits. Capillary beds of lungs where gas exchange occurs Pulmonary Circuit Pulmonary arteries Pulmonary veins Aorta and branches Venae cavae Left atrium Left ventricle Right atrium Heart Right ventricle Systemic Circuit Capillary beds of all body tissues where gas exchange occurs Oxygen-rich, CO2-poor blood Oxygen-poor, CO2-rich blood © 2014 Pearson Education, Inc.

Superior vena cava (SVC) Inferior vena cava (IVC) Figure 17.9 The heart is a double pump, each side supplying its own circuit. (1 of 2) Oxygen-poor blood Tricuspid valve Pulmonary semilunar valve Superior vena cava (SVC) Inferior vena cava (IVC) Coronary sinus Right atrium Right ventricle Pulmonary trunk Pulmonary arteries SVC Coronary sinus Pulmonary trunk Right atrium Tricuspid valve Pulmonary semilunar valve Right ventricle IVC Oxygen-poor blood returns from the body tissues back to the heart. To heart To lungs Oxygen-poor blood is carried in two pulmonary arteries to the lungs (pulmonary circuit) to be oxygenated. Pulmonary capillaries © 2014 Pearson Education, Inc.

Oxygen-rich blood To body Aortic semilunar valve Mitral valve Figure 17.9 The heart is a double pump, each side supplying its own circuit. (2 of 2) Oxygen-rich blood Oxygen-rich blood is delivered to the body tissues (systemic circuit). Systemic capillaries Oxygen-rich blood returns to the heart via the four pulmonary veins. To body To heart Aorta Pulmonary veins Aortic semilunar valve Left atrium Mitral valve Left ventricle Aortic semilunar valve Mitral valve Four pulmonary veins Aorta Left ventricle Left atrium © 2014 Pearson Education, Inc.

Figure 17.5b Gross anatomy of the heart. Left common carotid artery Brachiocephalic trunk Left subclavian artery Superior vena cava Aortic arch Ligamentum arteriosum Right pulmonary artery Left pulmonary artery Ascending aorta Left pulmonary veins Pulmonary trunk Auricle of left atrium Right pulmonary veins Circumflex artery Right atrium Right coronary artery (in coronary sulcus) Left coronary artery (in coronary sulcus) Anterior cardiac vein Left ventricle Right ventricle Right marginal artery Great cardiac vein Anterior interventricular artery (in anterior interventricular sulcus) Small cardiac vein Inferior vena cava Apex Anterior view © 2014 Pearson Education, Inc.

Figure 17.11a Coronary circulation. Aorta Pulmonary trunk Superior vena cava Left atrium Anastomosis (junction of vessels) Left coronary artery Right atrium Circumflex artery Right coronary artery Left ventricle Right ventricle Anterior interventricular artery Right marginal artery Posterior interventricular artery The major coronary arteries © 2014 Pearson Education, Inc.

Figure 17.5d Gross anatomy of the heart. Aorta Superior vena cava Right pulmonary artery Left pulmonary artery Right pulmonary veins Left pulmonary veins Auricle of left atrium Right atrium Left atrium Inferior vena cava Great cardiac vein Coronary sinus Right coronary artery (in coronary sulcus) Posterior vein of left ventricle Posterior interventricular artery (in posterior interventricular sulcus) Left ventricle Middle cardiac vein Right ventricle Apex Posterior surface view © 2014 Pearson Education, Inc.

Figure 17.5b Gross anatomy of the heart. Left common carotid artery Brachiocephalic trunk Left subclavian artery Superior vena cava Aortic arch Ligamentum arteriosum Right pulmonary artery Left pulmonary artery Ascending aorta Left pulmonary veins Pulmonary trunk Auricle of left atrium Right pulmonary veins Circumflex artery Right atrium Right coronary artery (in coronary sulcus) Left coronary artery (in coronary sulcus) Anterior cardiac vein Left ventricle Right ventricle Right marginal artery Great cardiac vein Anterior interventricular artery (in anterior interventricular sulcus) Small cardiac vein Inferior vena cava Apex Anterior view © 2014 Pearson Education, Inc.

Figure 17.11b Coronary circulation. Superior vena cava Great cardiac vein Anterior cardiac veins Coronary sinus Small cardiac vein Middle cardiac vein The major cardiac veins © 2014 Pearson Education, Inc.

Figure 17.5d Gross anatomy of the heart. Aorta Superior vena cava Right pulmonary artery Left pulmonary artery Right pulmonary veins Left pulmonary veins Auricle of left atrium Right atrium Left atrium Inferior vena cava Great cardiac vein Coronary sinus Right coronary artery (in coronary sulcus) Posterior vein of left ventricle Posterior interventricular artery (in posterior interventricular sulcus) Left ventricle Middle cardiac vein Right ventricle Apex Posterior surface view © 2014 Pearson Education, Inc.

(left atrioventricular) valve Figure 17.6a Heart valves. Pulmonary valve Aortic valve Area of cutaway Mitral valve Tricuspid valve Myocardium Mitral (left atrioventricular) valve Tricuspid (right atrioventricular) valve Aortic valve Pulmonary valve Cardiac skeleton Anterior © 2014 Pearson Education, Inc.

(left atrioventricular) valve Figure 17.6b Heart valves. Pulmonary valve Aortic valve Area of cutaway Mitral valve Tricuspid valve Myocardium Mitral (left atrioventricular) valve Tricuspid (right atrioventricular) valve Aortic valve Pulmonary valve © 2014 Pearson Education, Inc.

Chordae tendineae attached to tricuspid valve flap Papillary muscle Figure 17.6c Heart valves. Pulmonary valve Aortic valve Area of cutaway Mitral valve Tricuspid valve Chordae tendineae attached to tricuspid valve flap Papillary muscle © 2014 Pearson Education, Inc.

Pulmonary valve Aortic valve Area of cutaway Mitral valve Figure 17.6d Heart valves. Pulmonary valve Aortic valve Area of cutaway Mitral valve Tricuspid valve Opening of inferior vena cava Mitral valve Chordae tendineae Tricuspid valve Myocardium of right ventricle Interventricular septum Papillary muscles Myocardium of left ventricle © 2014 Pearson Education, Inc.

Figure 17.7 The atrioventricular (AV) valves. Blood returning to the heart fills atria, pressing against the AV valves. The increased pressure forces AV valves open. 1 Direction of blood flow Atrium Cusp of atrioventricular valve (open) As ventricles fill, AV valve flaps hang limply into ventricles. 2 Chordae tendineae Atria contract, forcing additional blood into ventricles. 3 Papillary muscle Ventricle AV valves open; atrial pressure greater than ventricular pressure Atrium Cusps of atrioventricular valve (closed) Ventricles contract, forcing blood against AV valve cusps. 1 2 AV valves close. Blood in ventricle Papillary muscles contract and chordae tendineae tighten, preventing valve flaps from everting into atria. 3 AV valves closed; atrial pressure less than ventricular pressure © 2014 Pearson Education, Inc.

Figure 17.7a The atrioventricular (AV) valves. Blood returning to the heart fills atria, pressing against the AV valves. The increased pressure forces AV valves open. 1 As ventricles fill, AV valve flaps hang limply into ventricles. 2 Atria contract, forcing additional blood into ventricles. 3 Direction of blood flow Atrium Cusp of atrioventricular valve (open) Chordae tendineae Papillary muscle Ventricle AV valves open; atrial pressure greater than ventricular pressure © 2014 Pearson Education, Inc.

Figure 17.7b The atrioventricular (AV) valves. Ventricles contract, forcing blood against AV valve cusps. 1 2 AV valves close. Atrium Cusps of atrioventricular valve (closed) Blood in ventricle Papillary muscles contract and chordae tendineae tighten, preventing valve flaps from everting into atria. 3 AV valves closed; atrial pressure less than ventricular pressure © 2014 Pearson Education, Inc.

Figure 17.8 The semilunar (SL) valves. Aorta Pulmonary trunk As ventricles contract and intraventricular pressure rises, blood is pushed up against semilunar valves, forcing them open. Semilunar valves open As ventricles relax and intraventricular pressure falls, blood flows back from arteries, filling the cusps of semilunar valves and forcing them to close. Semilunar valves closed © 2014 Pearson Education, Inc.

Figure 17.8a The semilunar (SL) valves. Aorta Pulmonary trunk As ventricles contract and intraventricular pressure rises, blood is pushed up against semilunar valves, forcing them open. Semilunar valves open © 2014 Pearson Education, Inc.

Figure 17.8b The semilunar (SL) valves. As ventricles relax and intraventricular pressure falls, blood flows back from arteries, filling the cusps of semilunar valves and forcing them to close. Semilunar valves closed © 2014 Pearson Education, Inc.

Superior vena cava(SVC) Inferior vena cava(IVC) Figure 17.9 The heart is a double pump, each side supplying its own circuit. Both sides of the heart pump at the same time, but let’s follow one spurt of blood all the way through the system. Oxygen-poor blood Oxygen-rich blood Pulmonary semilunar valve Tricuspid valve Superior vena cava(SVC) Inferior vena cava(IVC) Coronary sinus Right atrium Right ventricle Pulmonary trunk Pulmonary arteries SVC Coronary sinus Pulmonary trunk Right atrium Tricuspid valve Pulmonary semilunar valve Right ventricle IVC Oxygen-poor blood returns from the body tissues back to the heart. Oxygen-poor blood is carried in two pulmonary arteries to the lungs (pulmonary circuit) to be oxygenated. To heart To lungs Systemic capillaries Pulmonary capillaries To body Oxygen-rich blood is delivered to the body tissues (systemic circuit). Oxygen-rich blood returns to the heart via the four pulmonary veins. To heart Aorta Pulmonary veins Aortic semilunar valve Mitral valve Left atrium Left ventricle Aortic semilunar Valve Mitral valve Aorta Left ventricle Left atrium Four pulmonary veins © 2014 Pearson Education, Inc.

Figure 17.11 Coronary circulation. Aorta Superior vena cava Pulmonary trunk Left atrium Anastomosis (junction of vessels) Left coronary artery Right atrium Circumflex artery Right coronary artery Left ventricle Right ventricle Anterior interventricular artery Right marginal artery Posterior interventricular artery The major coronary arteries Superior vena cava Anterior cardiac veins Great cardiac vein Coronary sinus Small cardiac vein Middle cardiac vein The major cardiac veins © 2014 Pearson Education, Inc.