3.1 The Rock Cycle

  Rocks are solids made of one or more minerals  There are three types of rocks:  1. Igneous  2. Sedimentary  3. Metamorphic Together they made up the study of GEOLOGY How do these connect to Earth and Space Science? BIG IDEA

  They occupy 5/6 of the Earth’s Volume  They make up 2/3 of the Earth’s Mass  The oldest rocks are meteorites  They are 4.5 billion years old SPACE AND TIME

  The three types of rocks are INTERCONNECTED through the ROCK CYCLE FORCES AND MOTION

  The appearance of a rock is affected by several factors:  What elements it’s made from  Rate of cooling  They way it’s compacted  Amount of Heat and Pressure  Exposure to types of hot fluids Matter and Energy

  Rocks are like TIME MACHINES!  By analyzing their characteristics we can learn about conditions that existed on Earth long ago. Earth as a System

  James Bond Island, in Phuket, Thailand  =sUscvHqHkmg =sUscvHqHkmg Rocks are so cool they make it into famous movies!

  Find a cool rock from anywhere in the world 1.Write the name 2.Where in the world it is 3.Include a picture 4.What include the type of rock it is (igneous, sedimentary, or metamorphic) ePortfolio: This will be your artifact for the class. Your Task

  Back to the future, 2015?

 Rocks = COOL TIME MACHINES In conclusion…

 The Rock Cycle

  A rock is a solid mass of mineral or mineral-like matter that occurs naturally as part of our planet  Three types of rock are: Definition

  When the systems interact, they cause rocks to change from one type to another. This is called the Rock Cycle System Interactions

  Rock Brothers Rock Brothers  Video and Worksheet

  Using the textbook (pg. 67) re-create the rock cycle  Show all the connections that can be made from one part of the rock cycle to the other  When finished, answer this question: Question: Can a sedimentary rock become an igneous rock without changing first to a metamorphic rock? Explain Putting the Rock Cycle Together

  1. What enables rocks to take alternate paths  2. Where does the energy that powers The Rock Cycle come from?  ePortfolio work:  1. Upload your image of the Rock Cycle  2. Two questions from 3.1 Exceeding Questions

  1. What are the three types of rocks?  2. Place the rocks in the correct order in the rock cycle  3. What are the two types of Igneous Rocks?  Review

  Goals for the class:  1. Compare Extrusive and Intrusive Igneous Rocks  2. Demonstrate how the rate of cooling affects and igneous rock’s texture  3. Classify Igneous rocks according to texture and composition 3.2 Igneous Rocks

 INSTRUSIVEEXTRUSIVE Definition: Rocks that form from magma that form underneath the earth’s surface Intrude means: Forced into an existing rock How they form: As magma rises, it cools, allowing elements to combine and form minerals Example: Granite Definition: Lava cools down and hardens Extrude means: Forced out How they form: Magma reaches the earth’s surface as lava, cools, and hardens Example: Rhyolite Goal 1: Comparing Igneous Rocks Page 71 of the Textbook Read about Intrusive and Extrusive Igneous Rocks and complete The table. Use the heading as a guide.

  As Magma rises from the depths underground, it cools  As it cools, elements combine and form minerals  These minerals grow in size and become a solid mass of interlocking crystals.  Goal 2: Rate of cooling in Igneous Rocks EXTRUSIVE INTRUSIVE

  Extrusive and Intrusive Igneous rocks have different appearances.  How can we group them?  at: Texture (what it feels like) Composition (what it’s made from) Textures: Coarse-grained, fine-grained, glassy, porphyritic Compositions: Granitic, Basaltic, Andesitic, Ultramafic Goal 3: Classification

  Use the table provided to describe the different textures and compositions  Textbook Reference: Page Homework: 3.1, 3.2 ePortfolio Questions Formative Quiz: Sunday That means it does not go on Portal but it let’s me know if you’re doing your work and if you understand the material. Describing Texture and Composition

  Recall the Rock Cycle  Write the order of the rocks and any alternate pathways you remember  Set this image aside. You will need it to answer a question. Warm Up!

  Recipe to make metamorphic rocks: HEAT and PRESSURE  These forces create recrystallization in the minerals that make up the metamorphic rocks.  There is a change in shape, texture, and size  Metamorphic rocks can be formed from Sedimentary Rocks and Igneous Rocks  Question: Which one is an alternate pathway from the rock cycle? 3.4 Metamorphic Rocks

  If they require HEAT and PRESSURE, where do you predict metamorphic rocks are formed? How do they form?

  Contact metamorphism: Magma forces its way into rock. Example: Marble  What do you notice about the appearance? Rock Formation

  Regional Metamorphism: As mountains are made over time, large areas as exposed to heat and pressure. Rock Formation

 Agents of Metamorphism 1.Heat 2.Pressure 3. Hydrothermal solutions 1.Heat: Provides energy for the recrystallization. Temperatures range from degrees Celsius 2.Pressure: closes any gaps underground. By compacting rocks together it can also cause recrystallization. Heat and Pressure create folding in the rock. 3.Solutions: also contribute to recrystallization because they help move ions (charged elements) They can also dissolve minerals and deposit new ones.

  F8 F8 Video

  Foliated- refers to the texture being layered or banded  These types of rocks are formed when many minerals combine under extreme conditions. They are compact and dense Classification-Foliated

  Texture does not have bands or layering  These rocks are usually made from ONE mineral  Example: Marble. It is only made from calcite. Classification- Nonfoliated

 Foliated or Nonfoliated?

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 With the information you have learned this class, summarize the information using a meme of your choice Don’t forget to #hashtag your key words Exit Ticket: MEME