IV. Electron Configuration Electrons in Atoms. A. General Rules zPauli Exclusion Principle yEach orbital can hold 2 electrons with opposite spins. y “Opposites.

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Presentation transcript:

IV. Electron Configuration Electrons in Atoms

A. General Rules zPauli Exclusion Principle yEach orbital can hold 2 electrons with opposite spins. y “Opposites Attract”

A. General Rules zAufbau Principle yElectrons fill the lowest energy orbitals first. y“Lazy Tenant Rule”

A. General Rules zMore on Aufbau zOrder Orbitals Fill

RIGHT WRONG A. General Rules zHund’s Rule yWithin a sublevel, place one e - per orbital before pairing them. y“Empty Bus Seat Rule”

H 1e - zOrbital Diagram zElectron Configuration 1s 1 B. Notation 1s

He 2e - zOrbital Diagram zElectron Configuration 1s 2 B. Notation 1s

Li 3e - zOrbital Diagram zElectron Configuration 1s 2 2s 1 B. Notation 1s 2s

Be 4e - zOrbital Diagram zElectron Configuration 1s 2 2s 2 B. Notation 1s 2s

B 5e - zOrbital Diagram zElectron Configuration 1s 2 2s 2 2p 1 B. Notation 1s 2s 2p

C 6e - zOrbital Diagram zElectron Configuration 1s 2 2s 2 2p 2 B. Notation 1s 2s 2p

N 7e - zOrbital Diagram zElectron Configuration 1s 2 2s 2 2p 3 B. Notation 1s 2s 2p

O 8e - zOrbital Diagram zElectron Configuration 1s 2 2s 2 2p 4 B. Notation 1s 2s 2p

F 9e - zOrbital Diagram zElectron Configuration 1s 2 2s 2 2p 5 B. Notation 1s 2s 2p

Ne 10e - zOrbital Diagram zElectron Configuration 1s 2 2s 2 2p 6 B. Notation 1s 2s 2p

zShorthand Configuration S 16e - Valence Electrons Core Electrons S16e - [Ne] 3s 2 3p 4 1s 2 2s 2 2p 6 3s 2 3p 4 B. Notation  Longhand Configuration

B. Notation zPractice with Electron Configuration Worksheet

© 1998 by Harcourt Brace & Company ns np (n-1)d (n-2)f n=1 n=2 n=3 n=4 n=5 n=6 n=7 C. Periodic Patterns

zPeriod # yenergy level (subtract for d & f) zColumn within sublevel block y# of e - in sublevel

s-block1st Period 1s 1 1st column of s-block C. Periodic Patterns zExample - Hydrogen

C. Periodic Patterns zShorthand Configuration yCore e - : Go up one row and over to the Noble Gas. yValence e - : On the next row, fill in the # of e - in each sublevel.

[Ar]4s 2 3d 10 4p 2 C. Periodic Patterns zExample - Germanium

C. Periodic Patterns zPeriodic Patterns Activity

zMost stable = Full energy level  Full sublevel (s, p, d, f) zHalf-full sublevel D. Stability

zElectron Configuration Exceptions yCopper EXPECT : [Ar] 4s 2 3d 9 ACTUALLY : [Ar] 4s 1 3d 10 yCopper gains stability with a full d-sublevel. D. Stability

zElectron Configuration Exceptions yChromium EXPECT : [Ar] 4s 2 3d 4 ACTUALLY : [Ar] 4s 1 3d 5 yChromium gains stability with a half- full d-sublevel. D. Stability

zIon Formation yAtoms gain or lose electrons to become more stable. yIsoelectronic with the Noble Gases.

O 2- 10e - 1s 2 2s 2 2p 6 D. Stability zIon Electron Configuration yWrite the e - config for the closest Noble Gas  EX: Oxygen ion  O 2-  Ne

D. Stability zPractice with Stability & Electron Configuration Worksheet