Ch.1: Introduction to Chemistry

1.1: The Scope of Chemistry What Is Chemistry? – Chemistry is the study of the composition of matter and the changes that matter undergoes. Matter is anything that has mass and takes up space (volume). Chemistry affects all aspects of life and most natural events because all living and nonliving things are made of matter. Chemistry is also known as the “central science” because it is fundamental to the understanding of the other sciences.

Chemistry “The Central Science”

Areas of Study Why is the scope of chemistry so vast? What are the five traditional areas of study in chemistry? – Organic – study of all chemicals containing carbon – Inorganic – study of chemicals that don’t generally contain carbon – Biochemistry – study of processes that take place in living organisms (example: muscle contraction and digestion). – Analytical – study of the composition of matter. – Physical – area dealing with mechanism, rate, and energy transfer that occurs as matter changes.

Big Ideas in Chemistry What are the major ideas in chemistry? – Chemistry as the “central science” – Electrons and the structure of atoms – Bonding and Interactions – Reactions – Kinetic Theory – The Mole and Quantifying Matter – Matter and Energy – Carbon Chemistry

Lab Equipment Vocabulary “Scavenger Hunt” A. _____________________________ B. _____________________________ C. _____________________________ D. _____________________________ E. _____________________________ F. _____________________________ G. ____________________________ H. ____________________________ I. _____________________________ J. _____________________________

1.2: Chemistry and You Why do we study chemistry? – Chemistry can be useful in explaining the natural world, preparing people for career opportunities, and producing informed citizens. (Students may ellaborate)

Chemistry, Technology, and Society Technology is how society uses scientific discoveries for everyday practical purposes. – Modern research in chemistry leads to technologies that may be used to benefit the environment, conserve and produce energy, improve human life, and expand our knowledge of the universe. (students must provide specific examples for the categories above. They may also contribute different examples) Brainpop  “science”  “our fragile environment”  “biofuels.” –

Biofuels An example of a biofuel is bioethanol. Bioethanol is a type of alchohol made thru a process called fermentation. – Fermentation is also the way that wine and beer are made. – Other biomass (cellulosic biomass) which comes from non-food plant-based sources (trees and grasses) is also being developed for ethanol production. – Ethanol can be used as a fuel for vehicles in its pure form, but it’s usually used as a gasoline additive to increase octane and improve vehicle emissions. The example below uses soybeans.

Chemistry and Technology Other examples of chemistry used in technology include: Teflon – Polytetrafluoroethylene – Saccharin – Sticky Notes – Vulcanized Rubber * (investigate uses in Google Images and provide a good example picture. Then fill in with brief description of what it is and the chemistry and technology behind the invention)

1.3: Thinking like a Scientist The word chemistry comes from the word alchemy. – Long before there were chemists there were alchemists concerned with searching for a way to turn metals such as lead into gold. – Although alchemists did not succeed in this quest they did develop tools and techniques for working with chemicals Such tools include: – Beakers, flasks, tongs, funnels, and mortar and pestle. – What alchemists did not do was provide a logical set of explanations for the changes in matter they observed.

Antoine Lavoisier In France, Antoine Lavoisier did work to revolutionize chemistry in the late 1700s. – Lavoisier helped to transform chemistry from a science of observation to the science of measurement that it is today. To make careful measurements he designed a balance that could measure mass to the nearest gram. – Lavoisier’s wife, Marie Anne, helped with his scientific Pronounced: “La-wa-si- e ” work by making drawings of his experiments and translated scientific papers from English.

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