Open House, Carlsbad, CA Feb 17, 2003 Bob Heile, Chair, Zigbee Alliance

Month Year Copyright 2003 The ZigBee Alliance, Inc. 2 Today’s Agenda

Month Year Copyright 2003 The ZigBee Alliance, Inc. 3 Today’s Agenda (2)

Month Year Copyright 2003 The ZigBee Alliance, Inc. 4 Mission Statement ZigBee Alliance members are defining global standards for reliable, cost-effective, low power wireless applications. The ZigBee Alliance is a rapidly growing, non-profit industry consortium of leading semiconductor manufacturers, technology providers, OEMs and end users worldwide.

Month Year Copyright 2003 The ZigBee Alliance, Inc. 5 The ZigBee Alliance Solution Targeted at home and building automation and controls, consumer electronics, PC peripherals, medical monitoring, and toys Industry standard through application profiles running over IEEE radios Primary drivers are simplicity, long battery life, networking capabilities, reliability, and cost Alliance provides interoperability and certification testing

Month Year Copyright 2003 The ZigBee Alliance, Inc. 6 History ZigBee IEEE RSI/TRD Proposals Initial MRDv0.2 PAR Proposal to IEEE Proposals Expected completion Reviews ZigBee Alliance formed

Month Year Copyright 2003 The ZigBee Alliance, Inc. 7 Promoter Companies

Month Year Copyright 2003 The ZigBee Alliance, Inc. 8 Membership Classes Promoters –founding members of ZigBee, who form the Board of Directors. There are currently 5 promoters + 1 chairperson Participants –members who generally wish to make technical contributions and/or serve on the Technical Group committees. These members have early access to specifications, and they may also chair working group subcommittees. They are in a position to help shape the ZigBee technology for industrial applications and the connected home.

Month Year Copyright 2003 The ZigBee Alliance, Inc. 9 Working Groups Profile Architecture (Nick Shepherd) Network (Monique Bourgeois) Security (Dan Bailey) Interoperability (Bhupender Virk) Building Automation (Pat Kinney) Marketing (Venkat Bahl)

Month Year Copyright 2003 The ZigBee Alliance, Inc. 10 Organization Structure

Month Year Copyright 2003 The ZigBee Alliance, Inc. 11 The Wireless Market SHORT LONGLOW HIGH PAN LAN TEXTGRAPHICSINTERNETHI-FI AUDIO STREAMING VIDEO DIGITAL VIDEO MULTI-CHANNEL VIDEO Bluetooth1 Bluetooth 2 ZigBee b a/HL2 & g

Month Year Copyright 2003 The ZigBee Alliance, Inc. 12 Applications ZigBee LOW DATA-RATE RADIO DEVICES HOME AUTOMATION CONSUMER ELECTRONICS TV VCR DVD/CD remote security HVAC lighting closures PC & PERIPHERALS TOYS & GAMES consoles portables educational PERSONAL HEALTH CARE INDUSTRIAL & COMMERCIAL monitors sensors automation control mouse keyboard joystick monitors diagnostics sensors

Month Year Copyright 2003 The ZigBee Alliance, Inc. 13 Development of the Standard ZigBee Alliance –45+ companies: semiconductor mfrs, IP providers, OEMs, etc. –Defining upper layers of protocol stack: from network to application, including application profiles –First profiles published mid 2003 IEEE Working Group –Defining lower layers of protocol stack: MAC and PHY scheduled for release in April SILICON ZIGBEE STACK APPLICATION Customer IEEE ZigBee Alliance

Month Year Copyright 2003 The ZigBee Alliance, Inc. 14 Frequencies and Data Rates BAND COVERAGE DATA RATE CHANNEL(S) 2.4 GHzISM Worldwide 250 kbps MHzEurope 20 kbps MHzISM Americas 40 kbps 10

Month Year Copyright 2003 The ZigBee Alliance, Inc. 15 Stack Reference Model IEEE PHY IEEE MAC (CPS) ZigBee NWK MAC (SSCS) LLC IP APIUDP ZA1ZA2…ZAnIA1IAn Transmission & reception on the physical radio channel Channel access, PAN maintenance, reliable data transport Topology management, MAC management, routing, discovery protocol, security management Application interface designed using general profile End developer applications, designed using application profiles

Month Year Copyright 2003 The ZigBee Alliance, Inc. 16 Protocol Stack Features Microcontroller utilized Full protocol stack <32 k Simple node-only stack ~4k Coordinators require extra RAM –Node device database –Transaction table –Pairing table PHY LAYER 2.4 GHz 915MHz 868 MHz MAC LAYER DATA LINK LAYER NETWORK LAYER Star/Cluster/Mesh APPLICATION INTERFACE APPLICATIONS Silicon Application ZigBee Stack Customer IEEE ZigBee Alliance SECURITY

ZigBee vs Bluetooth Competitive or Complementary?

Month Year Copyright 2003 The ZigBee Alliance, Inc. 18 ZigBee and Bluetooth address different needs Bluetooth is a cable replacement for items like Phones, Laptop Computers, Headsets

Month Year Copyright 2003 The ZigBee Alliance, Inc. 19 ZigBee is better for devices Where the battery is ‘rarely’ replaced ZigBee and Bluetooth address different needs

Month Year Copyright 2003 The ZigBee Alliance, Inc. 20 Bluetooth is Best... For : Ad-hoc networks between capable devices Handsfree audio Screen graphics, pictures… File transfer... but ZigBee is Better IF : The Network is static Lots of devices Infrequently used Small Data Packets

Month Year Copyright 2003 The ZigBee Alliance, Inc gig Air interface ZigBee DSSS 11 chips/ symbol 62.5 K symbols/s 4 Bits/ symbol Peak Information Rate ~128 Kbit/second Bluetooth FHSS 1 M Symbol / second Peak Information Rate ~720 Kbit / second

Month Year Copyright 2003 The ZigBee Alliance, Inc. 22 Battery Life Bluetooth expects regular charging –Target is to use <10% of host power ZigBee is for use with Primary Cells –Targets are : Tiny fraction of host power New opportunities where wireless not yet used

Month Year Copyright 2003 The ZigBee Alliance, Inc. 23 Initial Enumeration Coordinator ZigBee Bluetooth

Month Year Copyright 2003 The ZigBee Alliance, Inc. 24 Error Correction / Security Bluetooth offers some Forward Error Correction 0, 40, 64 & 128 bit encryption ZigBee handshakes detect errors and initiate retransmission. Application Level Security

Month Year Copyright 2003 The ZigBee Alliance, Inc. 25 Silicon PHY Layer MAC Layer Data Link Layer Network Layer ZigBee Stack Application Application Interface Application Protocol Stack Comparison Silicon RF Baseband Link Controller Voice Link Manager Host Control Interface L2CAP Telephony Control Protocol Intercom Headset Cordless Group Call RFCOMM (Serial Port) OBEX Bluetooth Stack Applications vCard vCal vNote vMessage Dial-up Networking Fax Service Discovery Protocol User Interface Zigbee Bluetooth

Month Year Copyright 2003 The ZigBee Alliance, Inc. 26 An Application Example Wireless Light switch - Easy for Builders to install Bluetooth would either : – keep a counter running so that it could predict which hop frequency the light would have reached or –use the inquiry procedure to find the light each time the switch was operated. Battery Life & Latency in a Light Switch

Month Year Copyright 2003 The ZigBee Alliance, Inc. 27 Battery Power Consumption Efficiency The two devices must stay within 60 us (~1/10 of a hop) 30ppm crystals => could increase at 60us per second. Devices communicate once a second to track each other's clocks. Possibly could be improved by a factor of 100. The devices would then need to communicate once every 100 seconds to maintain synchronization. => 900 communications / day with no information transfer + perhaps 4 communications on demand 99.5% Battery Power wasted

Month Year Copyright 2003 The ZigBee Alliance, Inc. 28 Latency Undertake Bluetooth inquiry procedure when light switch operated May typically take seconds using Bluetooth 1.1 ? Even if optimized (Bluetooth 1.2), latency is a few seconds

Month Year Copyright 2003 The ZigBee Alliance, Inc. 29 Light switch Conclusion ZigBee radio using DSSS need only perform CSMA before transmitting, a delay of only 200 s In the case of a light switch, ZigBee offers longer battery life and lower latency than a Bluetooth equivalent.

Month Year Copyright 2003 The ZigBee Alliance, Inc. 30 Conclusion ZigBee targets applications not addressable by Bluetooth or any other wireless standard ZigBee and Bluetooth complement for a broader solution

Month Year Copyright 2003 The ZigBee Alliance, Inc. 31 More Information ZigBee Alliance web site IEEE web site Bob Heile, Chair