1. ZigBee
Venkat Bahl Philips Business Development Manager Semiconductors Division

2. Market Application Landscape
Graphics
Hi-Fi
audio
Digital
video
WAN
LAN
PAN
Text
Internet
Streaming
video
Multi-channel
video
Long Range
GSM/CDMA
GPRS/3G
LMDS
Wi-Fi
802.11b
Wi-Fi5
802.11a/HL2
ZigBee
Bluetooth 2
Short Range
WiMedia
Bluetooth 1
Low Data Rate
High Data Rate

3. Why ZigBee? Standard in a fragmented market
Many proprietary solutions, interoperability issues
Low Power consumption
Users expect battery to last months to years!
Low Cost
High density of nodes per network
Simple protocol, global implementation

4. ZigBee -Target MarketsTV
VCR
DVD CD
Remote
Monitors
Sensors
Automation
Control
Industrial & Commercial
Consumer Electronics
PC Peripherals
Mouse
Keyboard
Joystick
Gamepad
Low Data Rate Radio Devices
Personal Healthcare
Monitors
Diagnostics
Sensors
Security
HVAC
Lighting
Closures
Home Automation
PETs
Gameboys
Educational
Toys & Games

5. ZigBee Technology Adoption Curve
Gap
Evangelize
Technology
Leaders
Early Adopters
Mature Market
Laggards
ZigBee today

6. ZigBee Rate of Adoption
Market Matures
Home Control Adoption
Volume
Industrial Adoption
Initial Adoption
Time

7. Standards Expectations
This will satisfy
all requirements
Disillusionment
Everything
is OK
Market Interest Builds
Market Expectations
Products
start to ship
Obituaries
Written
ZigBee today
Time

8. Market Size – Low Data Rate (No )
Source: ABI, Dataquest, Internal

9. Market Segmentation
Industrial Applications will drive initial
market
Home Environment will become
Important
Over time, there will be varied
Applications (Other)

10. Some Details - Home Controls
Energy Management is going to be a key aspect
Even if we are to ignore the Building Auto and Industrial Markets for a few minutes….

11. N.E.W. Customer Service Companies Qubit Technology Reliant Energy
Founding Members
Cisco GM
Invensys
The NewPower Company
Panasonic
Sears
Contributing Members
Best Buy
Sun
Associate Members
ADT Security Services
Autco Distributing
AVAD
Coactive Networks
CompUSA
Connected Lifestyles
Echelon
emWare
Gatespace
Home Director
Honeywell
Info-linc
Metering Technology
N.E.W. Customer Service Companies
Qubit Technology
Reliant Energy
Sage Systems
Sempra Energy Connections
Ucentric Systems
Visteon
Western Digital
zBox
The Connected Home:
The features of a connected home exist today; they are not dreams of tomorrow. This home is connected in the sense that normally independent systems are linked to a centrally controlled system. In a connected home, your home computer, TV, lighting and heating controls, home security system and many appliances within the home can talk to each other via the Internet. These linked systems can be controlled through various devices, including your pager, cellular phone, TV, home PC, PDA, or even your automobile.
More specifically, the connected home offers the following: new forms of entertainment; anywhere, anytime communication with family, friends and coworkers; advanced home control and security; new ways to buy over the Internet; safe and secure and other communications; and always-on, high speed Internet access - all from reliable providers.
Source: Internet Home Alliance the Advantage magazine.

12. Internet Home Alliance Survey Findings Zigbee can provide or help provide 3 of the 5 top features customers want in a connected home
Interest in Individual Features of the Connected Home
Zigbee use in thermostat simplifies wiring and connectivity to the Internet
Zigbee sensors eliminate the need to run wires throughout the house and make adding a new system to an old house realistic
Zigbee’s technical characteristics and cost are ideal for DAP applications
% of respondents interested
Source: Zanthus CEO interview, Internet Home Alliance The Advantage magazine.

13. Connected Home Pilot Programs
Energy Management
OnStar at Home
June to October 2001
300 households
Tested the effectiveness of energy management systems
NewPower initiated periodic energy curtailments (e.g. raising the temperature a few degrees during peak hours) to save money
Individuals could override the curtailments manually or through a Web portal
To begin Q1 2002
100 households
Integrated OnStar’s Virtual Advisor service with home security, control and telecommunications components
Provides an easy to use, consistent interface to control home systems such as lighting, temperature and home security
Homeowners will be able to control their home operations from any, PC, telephone, WAP phone or wireless PDA in addition to OnStar’s PCS service
Source: Website, Mercer interview.

14. Home Networking Home appliances will complement additional Zigbee markets
Volume Comparison Between Home Appliances and CE devices
(Unit shipments in the US in 2000)
Unit Shipments in (in millions)
Source: US shipments in 2000 from Appliance Magazine March 2001, Time “Machine of the Year 2000”.

15. Market Requirements Global licence free ISM band operation
Unrestricted geographic use
RF penetration through walls & ceilings
Automatic/semi-automatic installation
Ability to add or remove devices
Possible voice support

16. Market Requirements, cont...
10k-115.2kbps data throughput
10-75m coverage range (home/garden)
Support for nodes
Support for 4 critical devices
4-100 co-located networks
0.5-2 year battery life
Up to 5m/sec. (18kmph) permitted mobility
Module cost: $1.5-$2.5 in 2004/5!

17. ZigBee - General Characteristics
Data rates of 250 kbps and 20 kbps
Star topology, peer to peer possible
255 devices per network
CSMA-CA channel access
Optional Guaranteed Time Slot
Fully handshaked protocol for transfer reliability
Low power (battery life multi-month to years)
Dual PHY (2.4GHz and 868/915 MHz)
Extremely low duty-cycle (<0.1%)
Range: 10m nominal (1-100m based on settings)
Location Aware: Yes, but optional

18. ZigBee Alliance - IEEE - Customer Relationship
Application
Customer
Application Interface
Network Layer
Data Link Layer
ZigBee Alliance
MAC Layer
MAC Layer
IEEE
PHY Layer
Silicon
ZigBee Stack
Application

19. Range Estimation (Meters)
Using Firefly TRD/RSI propagation model

20. Network Topology Network coordinator Network node IEEE node
Virtual links
Network node
Communications flow

21. Other Network Forms Network coordinator Ad-hoc network Network node
Gateway
Communications flow
Gateway enabled network

22. Supported Traffic Types
Periodic data
Application defined rate
Intermittent
Basic communication
Repetitive low latency data
Allocation of guaranteed time slots

23. The Network Coordinator
Transmits network beacons
Sets up a network
Manages network nodes
Stores network node information
Routes messages between paired nodes
Receives constantly

24. The Network Node Is generally battery powered
Searches for available networks
Transfers data from its application as necessary
Determines whether data is pending
Requests data from the network coordinator
Can sleep for extended periods

25. Stack System Requirements
8-bit C, e.g. 80c51
Full protocol stack <32k
Simple node only stack ~4k
Coordinators require extra RAM
node device database
transaction table
pairing table

26. The ZigBee Alliance

27. Some Participants
CompXs

28. Standardization Challenge How do we make a protocol a standard?
ZigBee Alliance created with companies who share a common vision
Alliance initiates need for low data rate W-PAN in IEEE, is born
Both MAC and PHY proposals win vote in IEEE
Alliance is focussed on:
Upper Layers of stack
Interoperability
Marketing
Keep initial participants limited until spec basics are defined

29. Competition or Complementary?
ZigBee vs Bluetooth
Competition or Complementary?

30. But ZigBee is Bluetooth is Best Better IF : For :
The Network is static
Lots of devices
Infrequently used
Small Data Packets
For :
Ad-hoc networks between capable devices
Handsfree audio
Screen graphics, pictures…
File transfer

31. Air Interface: Bluetooth ZigBee FHSS DSSS 1 M Symbol / second
Peak Information Rate
~720 Kbit/second
ZigBee
DSSS
11 chips/ symbol
62.5 K symbols/s
4 Bits/ symbol
Peak Information Rate
~128 Kbit/second

32. ZigBee Protocol Stack Size/Complexity
Application
Application Interface
Network Layer
Data Link Layer
MAC Layer
MAC Layer
PHY Layer
Silicon
ZigBee Stack
Application

33. Bluetooth Protocol Stack Size/Complexity
User Interface
Voice
Intercom
Headset
Cordless
Group Call
vCard
vCal
vNote
vMessage
Networking
Dial-up
Fax
Service
Discovery
Protocol
Telephony
Control
Protocol
OBEX
HOST
RFCOMM
(Serial Port)
L2CAP
Host Control Interface
Link Manager
MODULE
Link Controller
Baseband RF
Silicon
Bluetooth Stack
Applications

34. Timing Considerations
ZigBee:
New slave enumeration = 30ms typically
Sleeping slave changing to active = 15ms typically
Active slave channel access time = 15ms typically
Bluetooth:
New slave enumeration = >3s
Sleeping slave changing to active = 3s typically
Active slave channel access time = 2ms typically
ZigBee protocol is optimized for timing critical applications

35. Initial Enumeration
ZigBee
Bluetooth
Coordinator
Coordinator

36. Power Considerations Bluetooth ZigBee Application example of a light
Power model as a mobile phone (regular charging)
Designed to maximise ad-hoc functionality
ZigBee
2+ years from ‘normal’ batteries
Designed to optimise slave power requirements
Application example of a light
switch with respect to latency and
power consumption …...

37. Battery Life & Latency in a Lightswitch
Bluetooth would either :
keep a counter running so that it could predict which hop frequency the light would have reached or
use the inquiry procedure to find the light each time the switch was operated.

38. To reduce latency, Bluetooth would:
The two devices must stay within 60 us (~1/10 of a hop)
30ppm crystals => could increase at 60us per second.
Devices communicate once a second to track each other's clocks.
Possibly could be improved by a factor of 100.
The devices would then need to communicate once every 100 seconds to maintain synchronisation.
=> 900 communications / day with no information transfer
+ perhaps 4 communications on demand
99.5% Battery Power wasted

39. To reduce power consumption, Bluetooth would
Undertake Bluetooth inquiry procedure when light switch operated
May typically take 10 seconds using Bluetooth 1.1 ?
Much Better In Bluetooth 1.2
possibly reduced to tens of ms BUT
Not all requirements have been adopted yet

40. Light switch Conclusion
ZigBee radio using DSSS need only perform CSMA before transmitting, a delay of only 200 us (Radio wake up time)
In the case of a light switch, ZigBee offers longer battery life and lower latency than a Bluetooth equivalent.

41. Two different solutions optimised for different applications…...
Solution Prices
Bluetooth:
Price Now - $10
Price $5
ZigBee:
Price $6
Price $
Two different solutions optimised for different applications…...

42. Conclusion
ZigBee and Bluetooth are two solutions for two application areas

43. ZigBee in Building Automation
Existing solutions are either:
Power Line Carrier based (PLC)
Expensive ($15 - $40 BOM)
Restricted to where there is existing power lines
No mobility
Interference from noisy inductance into the system (adding a fan, etc.)
Security issues, PLC goes outside the home
Interoperability is questionable
Or proprietary
Interoperability among various manufacturers
Cost
Existing RF solutions have limited capabilities

44. ZigBee - Bluetooth - PLC Comparison

45. Thank You