1870-1900: The Gilded Age Mark Twain first used term to describe USA; covered in gold, but rotting on inside New Ideas: ~Individualism ~Natural Selection.

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Presentation transcript:

: The Gilded Age Mark Twain first used term to describe USA; covered in gold, but rotting on inside New Ideas: ~Individualism ~Natural Selection ~Social Darwinism - “Survival of the fittest”: some people are more evolved than others ~Carnegie’s Gospel of Wealth: Philanthropy ~Many Christian churches reject Darwin’s Theory of Evolution GILDED AGE IDEAS

Many challenged Social Darwinism Edward Bellamy’s Looking Backward ~Promoted Socialist ideals Lester Frank Ward’s Reform Socialism (people are different from animals) Naturalism: “people are victims of circumstance” The Social Gospel Settlement House movement (Chicago’s Hull House) Public Education ~Americanization SOCIAL REFORM

Realism ~Writers published books portraying real life -Mark Twain’s Adventures of Huckleberry Finn Rise of Popular Culture ~Industrialization improved ability to spend money on recreation ~Saloon culture ~Amusement Parks ~Professional Sports (Cincinnati Red Stockings) ~Recreational Sport (basketball invented) ~Vaudeville theater CULTURAL CHANGE

Spoils System: presidents handed out civil service jobs to friends ~ 1881: One rejected job seeker shoots President Garfield Civil Service Reform ~1883: Pendleton Act: some jobs filled through exams Election of 1884 ~Democrat Grover Cleveland elected president ~angered both Democrats and Republicans, but was popular for economic reforms: -Interstate Commerce Act -Fought to cut tariffs POLITICAL REFORM

1888: Republican Benjamin Harrison wins close election (lost pop. vote) ~Sherman Antitrust Act Populism advocated for farmers, traditional Americans Greenbacks: paper money that could not be exchanged for gold or silver ~Inflation: increased money supply + no rise in available goods ~3 US Currencies: greenbacks, gold and silver coins, banknotes tied to bonds ~Congress stops making silver coins and printing greenbacks, pays off bonds -Deflation: rise in the value of money, rising interest rates THE RISE OF POPULISM

The Grange: Farmer’s organization ~1873: Recession causes farm incomes to fall ~The Grange argues for states to regulate railroads/warehouse rates ~Create cooperatives where farmers work together -Cooperative strategies did not help farmers Farmer’s Alliance replaces the Grange, but failed Farmers turn to populist politics to help their cause ~Graduated Income Tax ~Government ownership of railroads ~Eight hour workday & Immigration Reform Populist ideas unpopular with urban voters LIFE ON THE FARM

Populist People’s Party pushes for coinage of silver ~Republicans & Democrats endorsed “gold standard” ~People’s Party candidate William Jennings Bryan Republican William McKinley promises “full dinner pail” McKinley wins the election easily Populist Movement declines, but issues survive: ~graduated income tax ~further government regulation of economy ~farm subsidies ELECTION OF 1896

On page 132, write and answer questions 1-6 CLASSWORK:

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