1. Splash Screen

2. Politics in Washington (cont.)
When James A. Garfield became president, his assassination turned public opinion against the spoils system and in 1833 Congress passed the Pendleton Act.
This marked the beginning of professional civil service.
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3. Politics in Washington (cont.)
In 1884, the Democratic Party nominated Grover Cleveland for president and the Republican Party nominated James G. Blaine.
As the first elected Democratic president since 1856, Grover Cleveland faced a horde of supporters who expected him to reward them with jobs.
However, “Mugwumps” expected him to increase the number of jobs protected by the civil service system.
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4. Politics in Washington (cont.)
Many Americans were concerned by the power of large corporations, especially the railroads.
Many states passed laws regulating railroad rates, but the Supreme Court ruled that only the federal government could regulate interstate commerce.
In 1887, Cleveland signed the Interstate Commerce Act, which created the Interstate Commerce Commission (ICC).
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5. Politics in Washington (cont.)
In December 1887, President Cleveland proposed lowering tariffs, which became a major issue in the election of 1888.
Harrison’s victory in the election of 1888 gave the Republicans control of both houses of Congress as well as the White House.
The McKinley Tariff lowered federal revenue causing a budget deficit.
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6. Politics in Washington (cont.)
In 1890, Congress passed the Sherman Antitrust Act; however, the law had little impact.
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7. Who ran against Grover Cleveland in the election of 1888?
A. William McKinley
B. Benjamin Harrison
C. Chester A. Arthur
D. James A. Garfield A B C D
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8. The Rebirth of Reform
Reformers developed new methods and philosophies for helping the urban poor.
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9. The Rebirth of Reform (cont.)
In 1879, journalist Henry George published Progress and Poverty, a book challenging Social Darwinism.
In 1883, Lester Frank Ward published Dynamic Sociology, in which he argued that humans were different from animals because they had the ability to make plans to produce future outcomes they desired.
Ward’s ideas came to be known as Reform Darwinism.
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10. The Rebirth of Reform (cont.)
In 1888, Edward Bellamy published Looking Backward, a book about a perfect socialistic society.
Criticism of industrial society also appeared in a new style of writing known as naturalism.
Naturalists believed that some people failed in life due to circumstances beyond their control.
Famous writers include Stephen Crane, Jack London, and Theodore Dreiser.
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11. The Rebirth of Reform (cont.)
The plight of the urban poor prompted some reformers to find new ways to help.
Their efforts gave rise to the Social Gospel movement, the Salvation Army, the YMCA, and settlement houses.
Jane Addams opened a famous settlement house in Chicago—the Hull House—in 1889.
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12. The Rebirth of Reform (cont.)
Public schools were crucial to the success of immigrant children.
They were taught English and learned about American history and culture, a process known as Americanization.
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13. A. The Social Gospel Movement B. The Salvation Army C. The YMCA
Which of the following worked to better conditions in cities according to the biblical ideals of charity and justice?
A. The Social Gospel Movement
B. The Salvation Army
C. The YMCA
D. Settlement houses A B C D
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14. Section 3-End

15. settlement house
institution located in a poor neighborhood that provided numerous community services such as medical care, child care, libraries, and classes in English
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16. Americanization
causing someone to acquire American traits and characteristics
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