2005 OBP Bi-Annual Peer Review Feedstock Platform Analysis Shahab Sokhansanj, Bob Perlack, Anthony Turhollow November 14, 2005

Overview Partners ORNL & INL In collaboration with NREL University of Tennessee Virginia Tech University of British Columbia USDA & Industry Analysis Objective DOE feedstock supply analysis: Identifies barriers to feedstock supply. Guides core R&D in engineering solutions to overcome barriers. Seeks out minimum cost supply options subject to quantity and quality. Budget: Sam discussed the budget

Targets Target: – Provide data on current and future feedstock supplies from agricultural residues, forest residues, and energy crops – the one billion ton vision. – Analyze feedstock supply systems & logistics to ensure the availability of low cost biomass to meet the $35/dry ton goal. Guiding documents – Roadmap for agricultural biomass feedstock supply for the U.S. (2003) – MYTP (2003), MYAP (2004), MYPP (2005) Timelines – By 2007, feedstock analysis task will demonstrate that by 2015 ample feedstock will be available at $35/dry ton Pathways – Agricultural residue pathway – Perennial grasses & woody energy crop pathway

Accomplishments Forecast and Analysis Joint DOE/USDA Billion ton vision report (April 2005) –Large potential biomass resource from U.S. croplands (residues, perennial energy crops) –Most forest resources are currently available Analysis of grower payments for crop residues (nutrient and site operations, grower premium) –Complicated issue given conflicting objectives between growers and processors –Nitrogen replacements costs have risen sharply Revised feedstock website with updated resource data (website reconfigured by BCS)

Quantified the magnitude of cost reductions from current residue handling systems to more efficient single pass harvest and bulk handling systems: Source: IBSAL Accomplishments: Biomass Collection Bale system: multi pass, packaged load Loaf system: single pass, bulk load

Accomplishments: Preprocessing & Transport Search for reducing the cost of preprocessing and transport - Biomass densification by reducing particle size Source: IBSAL

Accomplishments: Integration Integration– dry systems Transport options ($/dT) BalesGrindsChops Collection Format$/dTOverall cost $/dT Stover Baling Loafing Chopping Straw Baling Loafing Chopping Switch grass Baling Loafing Chopping Delivered cost of biomass ($/dry ton) Source: IBSAL $10 to producer 15% profit to supply Target cost

Accomplishments– publications For : 11 peer reviewed journal papers, 15 conference presentations 4 Forum sessions (AETC and ASABE) Igathinathane, C., A.R. Womac, S. Sokhansanj, L. Pordesimo Thermodynamic properties of mold appearance on selected corn stover components. ASAE paper American Society of Agricultural and Biological Engineering (ASABE). St. Joseph, MI: ASABE. Kumar, A. and S. Sokhansanj Switchgrass (Panicum vigratum, L.) Delivery to a Biorefinery Using Integrated Biomass Supply Analysis and Logistics (IBSAL) Model. ASAE Paper No American Society of Agricultural and Biological Engineering (ASABE). St. Joseph, MI: ASABE Mani, S., S. Sokhansanj, X. Bi, and L. Tabil Modeling of biomass densification processes. ASAE Paper No American Society of Agricultural and Biological Engineering (ASABE). St. Joseph, MI: ASABE Sokhansanj, S. and A. Turhollow cubing operations and costs. Applied Engineering in Agriculture 20(4):

Interim Stage Gate Overview March 14-15, 2005 Overview of the material covered and the approach: Supply Forecast and Analysis – Bob Perlack –Resource estimates, grower payments, revised feedstock website Billion Ton Feedstock Vision – Bob Perlack (ORNL) –Results of the joint DOE/USDA feedstock supply analysis Biomass Supply Systems and Logistics – S. Sokhansanj (ORNL) –Integrated Biomass Supply Analysis and Logistics Model (IBSAL) Feedstock Harvest & Collection Assembly Systems – Reed Hoskinson (INL) -Straw collection options and costs (IBSAL application example)

Reviewer Comments What did the reviewers have to say about on-going analysis work? Supply forecast and analysis –Important task but funding was lacking. –Data development needs coordination and validation with modeling. Billion ton vision ─Need for an implementation plan and timeline. Biomass Supply Systems and Logistics ─ Model useful for integrating and evaluating various steps in feedstock supply. ─ Model needs validation and peer review

DOE Response Response to the reviewers comments Supply forecast and analysis –Will make new resource data and reports available on reconfigured website. –No plans for additional activities in the Supply Forecast and Analysis Task; related activities will be completed under Feedstock Assembly Core R&D and Feedstock Analysis. Billion ton vision –Will develop availability for cropland resources.

DOE Response Actions Biomass supply systems and logistics –Will accelerate validating IBSAL using existing and emerging USDA/DOE projects on straw, stover, and switchgrass over the next 3 years. –Will collaborate with INL’s core and applied research –Will incorporate emerging preprocessing and supply depot concepts. Actions taken – Developed joint milestones between ORNL and INL – Incorporated field data in IBSAL from USDA/Producers/INL wheat straw harvest project in Idaho. – Incorporated data in IBSAL from Chariton switchgrass project. – Initiated work with Imperial NE on corn stover supply logistics. – Manuscripts for publication in Biomass & Bioenergy and Applied Engineering in Agriculture are peer-reviewed.

Summary & Future Work Completed: Analysis of billion ton biomass supply Analysis of grower payment Integrated Biomass Supply Analysis & Logistics – Low cost dry systems options Planned R&D: Wet systems Model – collection, storage, transport. Preprocessing (dry & wet) – Multiple biomass blending, sorting, & densification, bulk transport & handling.

FY06 Plans ORNL / INL – A framework for wet storage model and optimization is outlined and the baseline cost for wet storage of corn stover is established.

FY06 Plans INL / ORNL – Development first draft of the dry feedstock supply design report to demonstrate the integration of biomass supply and preprocessing operations that would result in overall cost reductions by increasing the value of biomass. Profitability

Acknowledgement The analysis team ORNL: Mark Downing, Jonathan Mielenz, Bob Perlack, Shahab Sokhansanj, Anthony Turhollow INL: Richard Hess, Reed Hoskinson, Kevin Kenney, Corey Radtke, Chris Wright