Napoleon Forges an Empire

Section 3 Napoleon Forges an Empire Main Idea: Napoleon Bonaparte, a military genius, seized power in France and made himself emperor. Why it matters now: In times of political turmoil, military dictators often seize control of nations

Napoleon Bonaparte Early Life Hero of the Hour 5’ 3” man rose from obscurity to become leader of France Early Life Born in Corsica Attended Military School Joins the army Hero of the Hour Napoleon defeats royalist rebels in 1795 Protected National Convention The Directory appoints Napoleon Bonaparte commander of armies Wins victories in Italy and gains popularity Suppresses news of loses in Egypt

Coup d’Etat Napoleon rules France By 1799 the Directory had lost control No confidence of French people Political chaos Need for a strong leader Napoleon uses army to surround legislature A Coup D’etat or “Blow to the State” Established a group of three Consuls Napoleon used power to become dictator Defeats British, Russians, and Austrians Napoleon rules France A Plebiscite (vote of the people) establishes a new constitution Made Napoleon First Consul

Napoleon and Reform Kept many changes of the Revolution Support laws that strengthened the central government Worked to stabilize the economy Sets up banking system Efficient tax collection Created government run schools Called Lycees Mended relations with Catholic Church Signed Concordat (or agreement) with Church Recognized influence of church Rejected church control in national affairs Gained popular support with majority of people Napoleonic Code Uniform set of laws

Napoleon crowns himself Emperor The Pope presented Napoleon with the crown Crowned himself to show superiority Napoleon creates an empire Originally wanted an empire in America as well Losses in Saint Domingue force him to rethink Decides to sell the Louisiana Territory for $15 Million Needed money to finance operations in Europe Annoy British by assuring “the power of the United States” War in Europe Britain, Russia, Austria and Sweden join forces Napoleon crushed them and forced peace treaty

Napoleon Creates an Empire The Battle of Trafalgar British win naval battle Napoleon gives up ideas of British Invasion Assures the supremacy of British Navy for 100 years Tried to find other ways to control Britain Eventually led to downfall The French Empire Napoleon controls most of Europe Except Britain, Portugal, Sweden, and the Ottoman Empire Uses alliances and puppet rulers to control At its largest 1807-1812

The End

Quiz A

1 - By 1799, the Directory had lost control of the political situation and confidence of the French people and this general political chaos created a need for a strong leader, which led to Napoleon’s what, which is a sudden seizure of dictatorial power?

2 - Napoleon kept many of the changes that had come with the Revolution like stabilizing the economy, making taxation more equitable and creating government-run schools called what?

3 - Which comprehensive system of laws gave France a uniform set of laws and eliminated many injustices, but also limited some freedoms and promoted order and authority over individual rights?

4 - To show that he was not under the control of anyone, especially the Catholic Church, Napoleon arrogantly took the crown from the Pope and placed it on his own head in the 1804 crowing ceremony that officially made him what?

5 - In July of 1794, the members of the National Convention were tired of The Terror and knew they were not safe from Robespierre, so they ordered him to be arrested and sent to the guillotine; the following year, a new moderate government comprised of 5 non-revolutionaries known as what was created?

6 - What document stated that men, not women, are “born and remain free and equal in rights” and that “the aim of all political association is the preservation of the natural…rights of man; these rights are liberty, property, security, and resistance to oppression”?

7 - After Louis XVI’s failed escape from France, what body created a limited Constitutional Monarchy that Louis XVI reluctantly approved which left him with only executive powers?