NO BONES ABOUT IT! The Skeletal System Did you know? The adult skeleton has 206 bones

Things to Know: Oste “bone” Art “joint” -blast “germ” or embryonic -clast “broken” -cyte “cell” Peri- “around” Dia- “between or across” Epi- “upon” Hemat- “blood”

The Skeletal System Parts of the skeletal system Bones (skeleton) Joints (flexibility) Cartilages (cushion) Ligaments (connect bone to bone)

Functions of Bones Support the body (internal framework) Protect soft organs (vertebrae) L Allow movement due to attached skeletal muscles Store minerals and fats (fats, clacium, phosphorus) Hematopoiesis (Blood cell formation)

The Skeletal System Two subdivisions of the skeleton 1. Axial skeleton (skull, ribs, spine) 2. Appendicular skeleton (pectoral girdle, pelvic girdle, bones of limbs)

Classification of Bones by Shape Long bones Have a shaft with heads at both ends Typically longer than they are wide Contain mostly compact bone Examples: Femur (longest bone in the body) Head Shaft Head Figure 5.1a

Anatomy of a Long Bone Diaphysis Epiphysis Compact bone Protected by periosteum (membrane) Epiphysis Ends of the bone Thin layer of compact bone But mainly spongy bone in the middle Protected by articular cartilage

Anatomy of a Long Bone Medullary cavity Cavity inside of the diaphysis Contains yellow marrow (mostly adipose) in adults Contains red marrow (for blood cell formation) in infants

Contain mostly spongy bone 2. Short bones Generally cube-shape Contain mostly spongy bone Example: Carpals Tarsals Patella Figure 5.1b

3. Flat bones Thin, flattened, and usually curved Two thin layers of compact bone inside Layer of spongy bone inside Example: Skull Ribs Sternum

4. Irregular bones Irregular shape Do not fit into other bone classification categories Example: Vertebrae Hip bones