Module 6: IPv6 Fundamentals

Introduction to IPv6 Unicast IPv6 Addresses Configuring IPv6

Lesson 1: Introduction to IPv6 IPv4 Limitations IPv6 Improvements Discussion: IPv6 Challenges IPv6 Address Space IPv6 Address Syntax IPv6 Address Types Neighbor Discovery

IPv4 Limitations The limitations of IPv4 are: Limited number of addresses Routing difficult to manage Host configuration is complex No built-in security Limited quality of service

IPv6 Improvements Improvements in IPv6 include: Larger address space More efficient routing Simpler host configuration Built-in security Better prioritized delivery support Redesigned headers for efficient processing and extensibility

Discussion: IPv6 Challenges What are some of the challenges of implementing IPv6?

IPv6 Address Space The IPv6 address space is: 128 bits Extremely large Allows routing flexibility

IPv6 Address Syntax IPv6 addresses are: Displayed in hexadecimal Can use zero compression Use a prefix to define the network portion of the address rather than a subnet mask Examples: 2001:0DB8:0000:0000:02AA:00FF:FE28:9C5A/ :DB8:0:0:2AA:FF:FE28:9C5A/ :DB8::2AA:FF:FE28:9C5A/64

IPv6 Address Types TypeDescription UnicastEquivalent to IPv4 unicast MulticastAdditional unicast address types AnycastEquivalent to IPv4 multicast IPv6 addresses types include:

Neighbor Discovery Some of the ND functions are: Router discovery Prefix discovery Parameter discovery Address auto-configuration Address resolution Duplicate address detection Neighbor Discovery is a set of messages and processes that determine relationships between neighboring nodes

Lesson 2: Unicast IPv6 Addresses Interface Identifiers What Are Global Unicast Addresses? What Are Link-Local Addresses? What Are Unique Local Unicast Addresses? Special IPv6 Addresses

Interface Identifiers An interface identifier is: The last 64 bits of an IPv6 address Used as a media access control (MAC) address is in IPv4 An interface identifier can be: An EUI-64 address A randomly generated temporary identifier A randomly generated permanent identifier A manually assigned identifier

What Are Global Unicast Addresses? Subnet ID 001 Global Routing PrefixInterface ID 48 bits16 bits64 bits Public TopologySite TopologyInterface Identifier Global unicast addresses are: Equivalent to public IPv4 addresses Globally routable on the Internet Designed for hierarchical routing

Link-local addresses are: Equivalent to APIPA IPv4 addresses Unique on the local network Required for Neighbor Discovery Always automatically configured for an interface Begin with FE80::/64 What Are Link-Local Addresses? Interface ID000 … bits54 bits64 bits

What Are Unique Local Unicast Addresses Unique local unicast addresses: Are equivalent to IPv4 private IP addresses Have a 40 bit Global ID you should use for your entire organization Have 16 bits designated for subnetting Replace site local addresses Global IDLSubnet IDInterface ID 7 bits40 bits64 bits16 bits

Special IPv6 Addresses Unspecified address: 0:0:0:0:0:0:0:0:0 or :: Equivalent to IPv4 address Only ever used as a source address Loopback address: 0:0:0:0:0:0:0:0:1 or ::1 Equivalent to IPv4 address Used for testing the local IPv6 stack

Lesson 3: Configuring IPv6 IPv6 Addresses Assigned to a Host Demonstration: Configuring IPv6 Address Autoconfiguration The Autoconfiguration Process What Is DHCPv6?

IPv6 Addresses Assigned to a Host Unicast addresses: A link local address for each interface A unique local unicast address or global unicast address A loopback interface with ::1 Multicast addresses: The interface-local scope all-nodes multicast address (FF01::1) The link-local scope all-nodes multicast address (FF02::1) The solicited-node address for each unicast address on each interface The multicast addresses of joined groups on each interface

Demonstration: Configuring IPv6 In this demonstration, you will see how to configure IPv6 with a static address

Address Autoconfiguration Address autoconfiguration can be: Stateful Stateless Autoconfigured address states: Tentative Valid Preferred Deprecated Invalid Valid PreferredDeprecatedInvalidTentative Preferred Lifetime Valid Lifetime Time

The Autoconfiguration Process Derive link-local address: FE80::[interface ID] Send multicast neighbor solicitation with target address set to derived local-link address Neighbor advertisemen t response received? Initialize link-local address Send router solicitation Router advertiseme nt response received? Stop autoconfiguration Use stateful address configuration protocol Yes No Yes Set hop limit, reachable time, retrans timer, MTU Are prefix information options present? Is managed address configuration flag set to 1? Stop autoconfiguration Process prefix options Yes No Is other stateful configuration flag set to 1?

What Is DHCPv6? Client sends a Solicit message Server sends an Advertise message Client sends a Request message Server sends a Reply message

Lab: Configuring IPv6 Exercise 1: Defining IPv6 Networks for Internal Use Exercise 2: Configuring a Static IPv6 Address on a Server Estimated time: 30 minutes Logon information Virtual machineNYC-DC1 User nameAdministrator Password Pa$$w0rd

Lab Review Why was NYC-DC1 only configured with a link-local IPv6 address? How can you quickly identify that an IPv6 address is a unique local unicast address?

Module Review and Takeaways Review Questions Real-world Issues and Scenarios Best Practices