Agenda  Standard  Cell Organelle Notes  Cell Organelle Campaign

Standard  SB1. Students will analyze the nature of the relationships between structures and functions in living cells. a. Explain the role of cell organelles for both prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells, including the cell membrane, in maintaining homeostasis and cell reproduction. a. Explain the role of cell organelles for both prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells, including the cell membrane, in maintaining homeostasis and cell reproduction.

Cell Structures and Function

Cell Organelles   TINY MEMBRANE-BOUND STRUCTURES THAT PERFORM SPECIAL FUNCTIONS INSIDE THE CELL

Cell Wall  Plant, Fungi, & Bacteria, but not animal cells  Outer layer  Rigid & strong  Made of cellulose  Provide support and protection

Cell Membrane  All cells  Double layer of phospholipids with proteins  Selectively permeable  support and protection  Controls movement of materials in/out of cell  Barrier between cell and its environment  Maintains homeostasis

Nucleus  All eukaryotes  Large, oval  Holds DNA  Holds DNA  Controls cell activities  Contains the hereditary material of the cell

Cytoplasm  All cells  Clear, thick, jellylike material  Contains the cytoskeleton fibers  Supports and protects cell organelles

Endoplasmic Reticulum  Eukaryotes  Network of tubes or membranes  Smooth w/o ribosomes  Rough with embedded ribosomes  Carries materials through cell  Aids in making proteins

Ribosomes  All cells  Small bodies; can be free or attached to ER  Made of rRNA & protein  Synthesizes proteins

Mitochondria  Eukaryotes  Peanut shaped  Peanut shaped  Double membrane  Inner membrane folded into cristae  Breaks down sugar (glucose) molecules to release energy  Site of cellular respiration

Vacuole  Plant (large), Animal (small)  Fluid-filled sacs  Largest organelle in plant cells  Store food, water, metabolic & toxic wastes  Store large amounts of food or sugars in plants

Lysosomes  Plant (uncommon), Animal (common)  Small and round with a single membrane  Breaks down larger food molecules into smaller molecules  Digests old cell parts

Chloroplast  Plant and Algae  Green, oval containing chlorophyll (green pigment)  Uses energy from sun to make food (glucose)  Site of photosynthesis  Release oxygen

Nucleolus  Eukaryotes  Found inside the cell's nucleus  Disappears during cell division  Make ribosomes

Golgi Apparatus (Body)  Plant and Animal  Stacks of flattened sacs  Modify proteins made by the cells  Package & export proteins and lipids

Flagella and Cilia  Some animal cells, prokaryotes  Cilia are short and numerous  Flagella are long, usually only one or two on a cell  Provides movement for the cell  Made of microtubules

Centrioles  Animal  Made of microtubules and microfilaments  Strengthen cell & maintains the shape  Moves organelles within the cell

Cytoskeleton  All cells  Strengthen cell & maintains the shape  Moves organelles within the cell  Made of microtubules and microfilaments