EVERYONE IS USEFUL. EVEN THE WORST OF US CAN SERVE AS A BAD EXAMPLE.
WHAT ARE THE LAYERS OF EARTH?
CRUST MANTLE OUTER CORE INNER CORE
WHAT IS THE LITHOSPHERE?
THE LITHOSPHERE IS COMPOSED OF THE CRUST AND THE SOLID UPPER LAYER OF THE MANTLE. THE LITHOSPHERE IS THE SOLID LAYER THAT MAKES UP THE TECTONIC PLATES. IT RESTS ON THE SEMIMOLTEN MANTLE CALLED THE ASTHENOSPHERE.
WHO WAS ALFRED WEGENER?
WEGENER WAS A GERMAN METEOROLOGIST WHO FIRST PROPOSED THE IDEA THAT TECTONIC PLATES MOVE. HE CALLED THIS CONTINENTAL DRIFT.
WHAT DID HE BASE HIS IDEAS ON?
AFRICA AND SOUTH AMERICA FIT LIKE A JIGSAW PUZZLE. THE SAME KINDS OF FOSSILS WERE FOUND ON THE EAST COAST OF SOUTH AMERICA AND THE WEST COAST OF AFRICA. THE SAME KINDS OF ROCKS WERE FOUND IN NORTH AMERICA AND EUROPE.
WHAT ARE THE THREE KINDS OF PLATE BOUNDARIES?
DIVERGENT CONVERGENT TRANSFORM
WHAT CAUSES THE PLATES TO MOVE RELATIVE TO EACH OTHER?
CONVECTION FORCES IN THE MANTLE DUE TO HEATING OF THE MANTLE BY THE CORE.
WHAT HAPPENS AT DIVERGENT PLATE BOUNDARIES?
THE PLATES ARE MOVING AWAY FROM EACH OTHER.
AT WHAT KINDS OF PLATE BOUNDARIES DO EARTHQUAKES OCCUR?
ALL OF THEM – DIVERGENT, CONVERGENT AND TRANSFORM
WHAT HAPPENS AT CONVERGENT PLATE BOUNDARIES?
THE PLATES ARE MOVING TOGETHER.
IF YOU HAVE AN OCEANIC PLATE COLLIDING WITH A CONTINENTAL PLATE, WHAT WOULD HAPPEN?
OCEANIC CRUST IS DENSER THAT CONTINENTAL CRUST, SO THE OCEANIC PLATE WOULD BE FORCED UNDER THE CONTINENTAL CRUST. IT WOULD RESULT IN MOUNTAIN BUILDING AND VOLCANOES.
AT WHAT TYPES OF PLATE BOUNDARIES DO VOLCANOES OCCUR?
CONVERGENT AND DIVERGENT
WHAT WOULD HAPPEN IF A CONTINENTAL PLATE COLLIDED WITH A CONTINENTAL PLATE?
MOUNTAIN BUILDING WOULD OCCUR.
WHAT IS VISCOSITY?
HOW EASY A LIQUID WILL FLOW.
IN TALKING ABOUT VOLCANOES, WHY IS VISCOSITY OF THE MAGMA (LAVA) IMPORTANT?
THE HIGHER THE VISCOSITY, THE MORE LIKELY AN EXPLOSIVE ERUPTION WILL OCCUR. VOLCANOES WITH LOW VISCOSITY LAVA HAVE QUIET ERUPTIONS.
WHAT OTHER FACTOR WOULD BE IMPORTANT IN DETERMINING IF AN ERUPTION WERE QUIET OR EXPLOSIVE?
HOW MUCH GAS IS IN THE LAVA.
THE FOUR TYPES OF VOLCANOES ARE: COMPOSITE CINDER CONE SHIELD RHYOLITIC CALDERA WHICH IS THE MOST DANGEROUS? WHICH IS THE LEAST DANGEROUS?
THE FOUR TYPES OF VOLCANOES ARE: COMPOSITE CINDER CONE SHIELD RHYOLITIC CALDERA WHICH IS THE MOST DANGEROUS? RHYOLITIC CALDERA WHICH IS THE LEAST DANGEROUS? SHIELD
WHAT TOOL DO GEOLOGISTS USE TO DETERMINE THE STRUCTURE OF THE EARTH?
SEISMIC WAVES FROM EARTHQUAKES
WHAT ARE THE TWO TYPES OF SEISMIC WAVES?
S WAVES AND P WAVES
WHICH TRAVELS FASTER? WHICH IS MOST DESTRUCTIVE?
WHICH TRAVELS FASTER? P WAVES WHICH IS MOST DESTRUCTIVE? S WAVES
WHAT IS THE DIFFERENCE BETWEEN THE EPICENTER AND THE FOCUS OF AN EARTHQUAKE?
THE FOCUS IS THE POINT UNDERGROUND WHERE THE EARTHQUAKE OCCURRED. THE EPICENTER IS THE POINT ON THE SURFACE DIRECTLY ABOVE THE FOCUS.
HOW DO SCIENTISTS DETERMINE THE DISTANCE FROM A SEISMOGRAPH STATION AND THE EPICENTER OF AN EARTHQUAKE?
MEASURE THE DIFFERENCE IN ARRIVAL TIMES OF P WAVES AND S WAVES AND USE A REFERENCE TABLE.
HOW WOULD SCIENTISTS LOCATE THE EPICENTER OF AN EARTHQUAKE?
USE THE S WAVE/P WAVE DATA TO CALCULATE DISTANCES FROM 3 SEISMOPGRAPH STATIONS. THEN DRAW DISTANCE CIRCLES FOR EACH. WHERE THE 3 CIRCLES CROSS WOULD BE THE EPICENTER.