 Ch. 8 Sct. 1.  When rocks strain and potential energy builds up over time.  When the potential energy is released because the rock breaks, vibrations.

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Presentation transcript:

 Ch. 8 Sct. 1

 When rocks strain and potential energy builds up over time.  When the potential energy is released because the rock breaks, vibrations are released through the rocks.

 The surface of a break in the earth’s rocks/crust  99% of earthquakes occur at a fault  Normal  Reverse  Strike Slip-Fault

 Divergent  Dip-Slip Fault

 Convergent  Thrust Fault

San Andreas pics. San Andreas 1906 quake quake

 Waves released by earthquakes  Primary Waves (P)  Secondary Waves (S)  Surface Waves

 P waves  Travel fastest through rock  Move like compression waves/sound waves

 S waves  Travel second fastest through rock  Move like transverse waves/light waves

 Slowest and largest seismic waves  Travel outward from epicenter in a variety of forms  Ocean waves  Backward rolling waves  Side to side, swaying motion  Most destructive seismic wave

 Focus  Deep within the earth’s crust where the actual rock structure snaps  Epicenter  The point on the earth’s surface directly above the focus.

 Seismograph  Records the magnitude of earthquakes

 Based on measurements of seismic wave heights from seismograph readings  Difference between 1.0 and 2.0  10x higher waves on seismograph  32x more energy in earthquake  The strongest recorded earthquake in history.  1960 off the coast of Chile 9.5  The strongest recorded earthquake in North America.  1964 near Anchorage, Alaska 9.2

 Measure the intensity/damage of an earthquake.  Specific to the distance away from the epicenter.

 Occur when earthquakes happen on the ocean floor.  The energy from the quake is transferred to the water and causes huge waves to form.  Waves don’t gain height until they near the land.  See page 216 of text.