IADSR International Conference 2012 Aiwan-e-Iqbal Lahore, Pakistan 27–29 April 2012

Preparing Oral Presentations and Poster Presentations Barbara Gastel, MD, MPH AuthorAID at INASP ( and Texas A&M University

Welcome and Overview

Oral Presentations: Some Main Points

Planning an Oral Presentation Obtain and carefully follow instructions. Include much less detail than in a paper to publish. Stick to the main idea. Give the presentation a beginning, middle, and end. If feasible, structure the presentation largely as a story.

Planning a Presentation (cont) Remember: People must be able to understand what you say as you say it. Therefore, for example: –Pace the presentation carefully. –Repeat important points. Minimize use of abbreviations and acronyms. In general, prepare notes, not a full text.

Preparing Slides: Some Guidelines In general, an average of one slide or less per minute One theme or idea per slide Simple and uncrowded Thus, usually no published graphs/tables Bullet points (not paragraphs) for most text Large enough lettering to read

Compare this slide and the previous one. In general, do not average more than one slide per minute. Limit each slide to one theme or idea. Keep slides simple and uncrowded. Thus, beware of using published graphs and tables. In general, use bullet points (not paragraphs) for text. Make sure all lettering is large enough to read.

Rehearsing the Presentation Time the presentation carefully. Try to make the presentation slightly shorter than the allotted time. Perhaps rehearse for others. Perhaps have others ask you questions.

Giving the Presentation Arrive early. Make sure audiovisuals are working. Speak slowly enough. Speak clearly. Look at the audience. Show enthusiasm. Avoid distracting habits.

Answering Questions Perhaps have the moderator or a colleague ask the first question. Briefly repeat each question. Keep answers brief. If you don’t know an answer, say so. Perhaps –offer to find out, –suggest how to find out, or –see if someone present has the answer.

Answering Questions (cont) If a question seems irrelevant, offer to answer it later, or move to a related item. If a question is hostile, answer politely and briefly; perhaps offer to talk later. Make note of questions. Use them to help shape future presentations and publications about the work.

Poster Presentations: Some Main Points

Planning a Poster Choose a narrow enough topic. Plan to present only highlights. Obtain and carefully follow instructions. Select images that present key messages and attract viewers. Realize that you should include little text. Plan to make the poster understandable on its own.

Organizing a Poster Organize the poster logically (example: Introduction, Methods, Results, Conclusions). Place the content in about 3 to 5 vertical columns. Include plenty of white space. In general, don’t include an abstract.

Preparing a Poster: The Title Keep the title fairly short. Perhaps try to make the title attention- grabbing. Use large enough type (at least about 2.5 cm, or 1 inch, high). Normally, do not use all capital letters. (DO NOT USE ALL CAPITAL LETTERS.)

Preparing a Poster: The Images Use images (photographs, flow charts, graphs, etc) that both attract and inform. Keep the images simple, so they can be quickly understood. Make the images large enough. Remember to label each image. Use color effectively.

Preparing a Poster: The Text Keep the text brief. Make the type large enough to read easily. Where feasible, use bulleted or numbered lists rather than paragraphs. If paragraphs are used, keep them short. Include your contact information. Proofread the text carefully.

Presenting a Poster Don’t be shy. Think ahead about questions you might be asked. Perhaps ask some questions. Take advantage of the chance for feedback. Take advantage of the chance to network.

Presenting a Poster (cont) Consider having business cards available. Consider having handouts. Consider having people sign up for further information. If you’ll write a paper about the work presented, consider comments and questions from the poster session.

Some Resources “Designing Scientific Posters” by Colin Purrington (posted at includes a free template) “Preparing a Presentation”—from the American College of Physicians (posted at abstract/prepare/pos_pres.htm) abstract/prepare/pos_pres.htm Better Posters: A Resource for Improving Poster Presentations (blog at

Thank You!