1 16 Heat Transfer how does heat move? Conduction through matter Convection of matter By emitting/absorbing Radiation Homework: RQ: 3, 6, 11, 20, 21, 25.

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Presentation transcript:

1 16 Heat Transfer how does heat move? Conduction through matter Convection of matter By emitting/absorbing Radiation Homework: RQ: 3, 6, 11, 20, 21, 25.

2 Conduction Heat conduction is the transmission of heat through matter. most metals are excellent conductors Examples: silver 429 copper 401 aluminum 250 iron 80 stainless steel 14 wood, rubber 0.16

3 conduction heat current – energy/time heat current = kA  T/L k = thermal conductivity &  T = temperature difference, L below

4 Convection Convection – transfer through bulk motion of a fluid Natural, e.g. warm air rises, cool falls Forced, e.g. water-cooled engine

5 Convection Videos Hot & Cold Water Smoke in Air Hot air in tube with candle

6 Radiation Radiation - objects emit infrared electromagnetic radiation, which can be absorbed in another object, heating it up. Ex. Stand by a brick house at night. You feel heat but cannot see it.

7 Radiation Video Tv ontario cartoon

8 Solar Power Earth surface gets about 800 watts / m². Convection power turbine

9 Newton’s Law of Cooling rate of heat loss is proportional to the difference in temperatures between the body and its surroundings rate of heat-loss ~  T Ex. Cooling of hot coffee

10 Summary Three modes of heat transfer, conduction, convection, radiation Good conductors: Metals Poor conductors: Wood, air

11 Greenhouse Effect ‘dirtier’ air must be at higher temperature to radiate out as much as Earth receives higher temperature air is associated with higher surface temperatures, thus the term ‘global warming’ very complicated model!

12 Real Greenhouse covering allows sunlight to enter, which warms the ground and air inside the greenhouse. the ‘house’ is mostly enclosed so the warm air cannot leave, thus keeping the greenhouse warm (a car in the sun does this very effectively!)

13 What determines surface temperature of earth? (Heat IN) Earth receives two radiative heats: 1) direct sunlight 2) atmospheric radiative emission (Heat OUT) Earth re-radiates heat out ~ T 4. Surface temperature rises or falls to balance the two inputs.