Unit Five: Chapter 27 • cryptic • inhibition • deficient • ironic • depict • rupture • detrimental • saturate • implicit • vindictive Page 152 in textbook.

TEN WORDS IN CONTEXT 1 cryptic – adjective Choose the meaning closest to that of the boldfaced word. 1 cryptic – adjective • Whenever I ask Tomas what’s happening in his life, he always gives the same cryptic reply: “It’s a green world, my friend.” • Next to the dead woman’s body was a cryptic note that said, “Not now.” Cryptic means A. cruel. B. puzzling. C. humorous. Page 152 in textbook. Answer: B The next slide explains the answer.

TEN WORDS IN CONTEXT 1 cryptic – adjective Choose the meaning closest to that of the boldfaced word. 1 cryptic – adjective • Whenever I ask Tomas what’s happening in his life, he always gives the same cryptic reply: “It’s a green world, my friend.” • Next to the dead woman’s body was a cryptic note that said, “Not now.” Cryptic means A. cruel. B. puzzling. C. humorous. Page 152 in textbook. Each item gives an example of a puzzling statement.

TEN WORDS IN CONTEXT 2 deficient – adjective Choose the meaning closest to that of the boldfaced word. 2 deficient – adjective • When people have too little iron in their blood, it sometimes means that their diet is also deficient in iron. • Gil’s manners are deficient. For example, I’ve never heard him thank anyone for anything. Deficient means A. lacking. B. sensitive. C. increasing. Page 152 in textbook. Answer: A The next slide explains the answer. Desserts that are filled with calories but deficient in nutritional value

TEN WORDS IN CONTEXT 2 deficient – adjective Choose the meaning closest to that of the boldfaced word. 2 deficient – adjective • When people have too little iron in their blood, it sometimes means that their diet is also deficient in iron. • Gil’s manners are deficient. For example, I’ve never heard him thank anyone for anything. Deficient means A. lacking. B. sensitive. C. increasing. Page 152 in textbook. If people have too little iron, their diet must be lacking in iron. If Gil never thanks anyone for anything, his manners must be lacking. Desserts that are filled with calories but deficient in nutritional value

TEN WORDS IN CONTEXT 3 depict – verb Choose the meaning closest to that of the boldfaced word. 3 depict – verb • The painting depicts a typical nineteenth-century summer day in the park. • Harriet Beecher Stowe’s novel Uncle Tom’s Cabin depicted the cruelty of slavery so forcefully that the book helped to begin the Civil War. Depict means A. to hide. B. to show. C. to predict. Page 152 in textbook. Answer: B The next slide explains the answer.

TEN WORDS IN CONTEXT 3 depict – verb Choose the meaning closest to that of the boldfaced word. 3 depict – verb • The painting depicts a typical nineteenth-century summer day in the park. • Harriet Beecher Stowe’s novel Uncle Tom’s Cabin depicted the cruelty of slavery so forcefully that the book helped to begin the Civil War. Depict means A. to hide. B. to show. C. to predict. Page 152 in textbook. A painting would show a scene in the park. A novel would show the cruelty of slavery.

A habit that is detrimental TEN WORDS IN CONTEXT Choose the meaning closest to that of the boldfaced word. 4 detrimental – adjective • Do you think all television is detrimental to children, or are some programs a positive influence on them? • The gases from automobiles and factories have been so detrimental to the environment that some of the damage may be permanent. Detrimental means A. useful. B. new. C. damaging. Page 152 in textbook. Answer: C The next slide explains the answer. A habit that is detrimental to one’s health

A habit that is detrimental TEN WORDS IN CONTEXT Choose the meaning closest to that of the boldfaced word. 4 detrimental – adjective • Do you think all television is detrimental to children, or are some programs a positive influence on them? • The gases from automobiles and factories have been so detrimental to the environment that some of the damage may be permanent. Detrimental means A. useful. B. new. C. damaging. Page 152 in textbook. The words positive influence contrast with the idea that television is damaging to children. In the second item, the word damage suggests that detrimental means “damaging.” A habit that is detrimental to one’s health

TEN WORDS IN CONTEXT 5 implicit – adjective Choose the meaning closest to that of the boldfaced word. 5 implicit – adjective • When the gangster growled, “I’m sure you want your family to stay healthy,” Harris understood the implicit threat. • Although it’s never been said, there’s an implicit understanding that Carla will be promoted when Earl finally retires. Implicit means A. playful. B. modern. C. unspoken. Page 152 in textbook. Answer: C The next slide explains the answer.

TEN WORDS IN CONTEXT 5 implicit – adjective Choose the meaning closest to that of the boldfaced word. 5 implicit – adjective • When the gangster growled, “I’m sure you want your family to stay healthy,” Harris understood the implicit threat. • Although it’s never been said, there’s an implicit understanding that Carla will be promoted when Earl finally retires. Implicit means A. playful. B. modern. C. unspoken. Page 152 in textbook. The gangster's words are an unspoken threat to Harris’s family. In the second item, if the understanding has “never been said,” it is unspoken.

TEN WORDS IN CONTEXT 6 inhibition – noun Choose the meaning closest to that of the boldfaced word. 6 inhibition – noun • A two-year-old has no inhibitions about running around naked. • Sarah’s family is openly affectionate, with no inhibitions about hugging or kissing in public. Inhibition means A. an inner block. B. a habit. C. a purpose. Page 152 in textbook. Answer: A The next slide explains the answer.

TEN WORDS IN CONTEXT 6 inhibition – noun Choose the meaning closest to that of the boldfaced word. 6 inhibition – noun • A two-year-old has no inhibitions about running around naked. • Sarah’s family is openly affectionate, with no inhibitions about hugging or kissing in public. Inhibition means A. an inner block. B. a habit. C. a purpose. Page 152 in textbook. A two-year-old has no inner blocks against running around naked—or against doing almost anything. If Sarah’s family is openly affectionate, they must have no inner blocks against hugging and kissing in public.

TEN WORDS IN CONTEXT 7 ironic – adjective Choose the meaning closest to that of the boldfaced word. 7 ironic – adjective • It’s ironic that Loretta is such a strict mother, because she was certainly wild in her youth. • “The Gift of the Magi” is a short story with an ironic twist: A woman sells her long hair to buy a chain for her husband’s watch, while her husband sells his watch to buy ornaments for her hair. Ironic means A. unexpected. B. inadequate. C. reasonable. Page 153 in textbook. Answer: A The next slide explains the answer.

TEN WORDS IN CONTEXT 7 ironic – adjective Choose the meaning closest to that of the boldfaced word. 7 ironic – adjective • It’s ironic that Loretta is such a strict mother, because she was certainly wild in her youth. • “The Gift of the Magi” is a short story with an ironic twist: A woman sells her long hair to buy a chain for her husband’s watch, while her husband sells his watch to buy ornaments for her hair. Ironic means A. unexpected. B. inadequate. C. reasonable. Page 153 in textbook. If Loretta was wild in her youth, it would be unexpected that she is a strict mother. In the second item, it would be unexpected that each character would sell the very thing that would make useless the gift the other person bought.

TEN WORDS IN CONTEXT 8 rupture – verb Choose the meaning closest to that of the boldfaced word. 8 rupture – verb • If the dam were to rupture, the town would disappear under many feet of water. • The bulge in the baby’s stomach was caused by a muscle wall that had ruptured and would have to be repaired. Rupture means A. to heal. B. to exist. C. to come apart. Page 153 in textbook. Answer: C The next slide explains the answer.

TEN WORDS IN CONTEXT 8 rupture – verb Choose the meaning closest to that of the boldfaced word. 8 rupture – verb • If the dam were to rupture, the town would disappear under many feet of water. • The bulge in the baby’s stomach was caused by a muscle wall that had ruptured and would have to be repaired. Rupture means A. to heal. B. to exist. C. to come apart. Page 153 in textbook. The town would only disappear under water if the dam were to come apart. In the second item, if the muscle had to be repaired, it must have come apart.

TEN WORDS IN CONTEXT 9 saturate – verb Choose the meaning closest to that of the boldfaced word. 9 saturate – verb • Most people like their cereal crunchy, but Teresa lets hers sit until the milk has saturated every piece. • Studying history for three hours saturated my brain—I couldn’t have absorbed one more bit of information. Saturate means A. to protect. B. to empty. C. to fill. Page 153 in textbook. Answer: C The next slide explains the answer.

TEN WORDS IN CONTEXT 9 saturate – verb Choose the meaning closest to that of the boldfaced word. 9 saturate – verb • Most people like their cereal crunchy, but Teresa lets hers sit until the milk has saturated every piece. • Studying history for three hours saturated my brain—I couldn’t have absorbed one more bit of information. Saturate means A. to protect. B. to empty. C. to fill. Page 153 in textbook. In contrast with people who like their cereal crunchy, Teresa lets hers absorb milk until the milk fills every piece. In the second item, if the speaker’s brain couldn’t absorb any more information, the information must have filled his or her brain.

TEN WORDS IN CONTEXT 10 vindictive – adjective Choose the meaning closest to that of the boldfaced word. 10 vindictive – adjective • If a woman refuses to date my older brother, he becomes vindictive. One way he takes revenge is to forward her all his junk e-mail. • After she was given two weeks’ notice, the vindictive employee intentionally infected all the office computers with a virus. Vindictive means A. sympathetic. B. spiteful. C. puzzling. Page 153 in textbook. Answer: B The next slide explains the answer.

TEN WORDS IN CONTEXT 10 vindictive – adjective Choose the meaning closest to that of the boldfaced word. 10 vindictive – adjective • If a woman refuses to date my older brother, he becomes vindictive. One way he takes revenge is to forward her all his junk e-mail. • After she was given two weeks’ notice, the vindictive employee intentionally infected all the office computers with a virus. Vindictive means A. sympathetic. B. spiteful. C. puzzling. Page 153 in textbook. In the first item, the word revenge suggests that the brother becomes spiteful when a woman refuses to date him. In the second item, if the employee intentionally infected all the office computers, she was being spiteful for being given notice.