Fact Extraction Ontology Ontological- Semantic Analysis Text Meaning Representation (TMR) Fact Repository (FR) Text Sources Lexicons Grammars Static Knowledge Sources Data and Control Flow Knowledge Support Question Answering

Fact Production Ontology Ontological- Semantic Analysis Text Meaning Representation (TMR) Fact Repository (FR) Text Sources Lexicons Grammars Static Knowledge Sources Data and Control Flow Knowledge Support Question Answering Report Generation Summary Production Trend Identification User

Query Formulation Ontology Ontological- Semantic Analysis Text Meaning Representation (TMR) Fact Repository (FR) Lexicons Grammars Static Knowledge Sources Data and Control Flow Knowledge Support Answer Query

A description of the heuristics same-clauseThe candidate is in the same clause preceding-clauseThe candidate is in the preceding clause pre-preceding-clauseThe candidate is in any clause in the given sentence farther back than the preceding clause. preceding-sentThe candidate is in the preceding sentence. sentence-minus-2The candidate is two sentences back. sentence-minus-3The candidate is three sentences back. para-breakThe candidate is in the preceding paragraph. Valid only for candidates that, themselves, are not in the first sentence of a paragraph. repeat-collocationThe nominal candidate has been the same argument of the given verb previously. syn-collocationThe nominal candidate has been the same argument of a synonymous (or similar) verb previously. agent-themeThe nominal candidate is one of the main arguments in its clause, which we can define for now as the agent or theme (not path, beneficiary, instrument, etc.) pp-embeddedThe nominal candidate is embedded in a PP (this is mostly to weed out non- prominent adjuncts, but since some arguments are PPs, it can't be too strong a heuristic; it is better to look at case roles).

function-matchThe syntactic function of the candidate matches the function of the referring expression coordThe candidate is an argument in the preceding conjunct of a coordinate structure BUT the coordinate structure must be larger than the category itself:i.e., we want to catch the fact that the coordination in 'I picked up the book and read it' (VP coordination) is a strong indicator of coreference, but we don't want to assume that there is coreference in 'I told John and him'. refl-null-semThe reflexive directly follows a NP that has matching features; in this case, it is rendered as null semantics (I myself know… He himself thought… The plans themselves are …) subj-of-same-clauseThe candidate is the head of the subject of the same clause (used to distinguish anaphors). By 'subject of same clause' we mean whichever of the following is the nearest: 1) the overt or elided subject of the minimal tensed clause - Mary-i likes herself-i. - Mary-i is happy-go-lucky and pro-i likes herself-i 2) the PRO (non-overt) subject of the given infinitival clause - John-i forces his children-j PRO-j to fight for themselves-j 3) the overt PP "subject" of the given infinitival clause - For me-i to hurt myself-i would be stupid. It's important to say 'the head' of the subject because, for example, 'Mary's-i dog likes her-i' has coreference between the mod of the head and the d.o. refl-cl-subj The reflexive has to match features with the subject of the clause: He went to the movies himself