National Aeronautics and Space Administration Jet Propulsion Laboratory California Institute of Technology Tropospheric Emission Spectrometer TES Data User Session Susan Kulawik Ming Luo Greg Osterman TES Science Team Jet Propulsion Laboratory/California Institute of Technology TES Science Team Meeting – Feb 2009

National Aeronautics and Space Administration Jet Propulsion Laboratory California Institute of Technology Tropospheric Emission Spectrometer TES Data Products Core ProductUseful RangeEstimated Bias & Accuracy * Vertical Res.Validation papers Level 1B RadiancesN/AOn-orbit nadir comparisons with SHIS and AIRS: K range: Bias <0.3K and Std <0.3K K range: Bias <0.5 K, and Std ~0.5K N/AShephard et al., 2007 Temperature10 hPa to surfacebias <0.6 K in lower trop, <0.5 K in upper trop and stratosphere rms 1.5 K in lower trop, 1 K in upper trop and stratosphere 1 km in lower trop; ~3km at the tropopause (100 hPa); 3 km in limb Herman, Shephard, et al., 2009 (in prep) O3O3 10 hPa to surface (nadir) 10 to 300 hPa (limb) Nadir: 3-10 ppb high bias for nadir in troposphere 7-16 ppb upper limit rms with expected value for individual profile expected to be much smaller Limb: Low bias of % in the lower strat High bias of 15-35% in the upper strat 15-30% rms in the strat 4-6 km in nadir 13-3 km in limb Worden et al., 2007; Nassar et al., 2008; Richards et al., 2008; Osterman et al., 2008 Boxe et al., 2009 (in prep); Osterman et al., 2009 (limb, in prep); CO100 hPa to surface5-10% global averaged low bias (15-20% rms) compared to MOPITT. Slightly lower in mid-lat and slightly higher in tropics compared to in- situ data with 10-20% variability. 6 km in nadirLuo et al., 2007a,b; Lopez et al., 2008; Ho et al., 2009 (in prep)

National Aeronautics and Space Administration Jet Propulsion Laboratory California Institute of Technology Tropospheric Emission Spectrometer TES Data Products Core ProductUseful RangeEstimated Bias & Accuracy * Vertical Res.Validation papers H2OH2O200 hPa to surfaceNadir: Lower troposphere (moist): Bias: <5%, Std:, ~20 % Upper troposphere (dry) Bias: ~15%, Std: ~40% * *Important to note that the TES statistics are NOT weighted by water vapor layer amounts 2 km in lower trop. ; ~4 km in the upper trop. (200 hPa); 3 km in limb Shephard et al., 2008 HDO200 hPa to surfaceHDO/H2O biased 5% high by 5% with a total expected error of 1.5% 6 kmWorden et al., 2006 CH to 700 hPa; (peak sensitivity hPa) 3-4% high bias 1-2% Std 8-9 kmPayne et al., 2008, in review Sea Surface TemperatureN/A K low bias compared to AMSR-E (night) K low bias (day) K Std Dev for both night and day N/ALampel, Kerola, in prep Cloud Top Pres.N/A hPa depending on radiance noise, mean bias 50 hPa N/AEldering et al., 2008 Cloud Eff. optical depth20 to 900 hPalimited sensitivity at optical depths less than 0.2 N/AEldering et al., 2008 HNO 3 10 hPa to surface10% high bias 30% rms 4 kmM Coffey et al., 2008

National Aeronautics and Space Administration Jet Propulsion Laboratory California Institute of Technology Tropospheric Emission Spectrometer TES Data Products Core ProductUseful RangeEstimated Bias & Accuracy * Vertical Res.Validation papers Level 1B RadiancesN/AOn-orbit nadir comparisons with SHIS and AIRS: K range: Bias <0.3K and Std <0.3K K range: Bias <0.5 K, and Std ~0.5K N/AShephard et al., 2007 Temperature10 hPa to surfacebias <0.6 K in lower trop, <0.5 K in upper trop and stratosphere rms 1.5 K in lower trop, 1 K in upper trop and stratosphere 1 km in lower trop; ~3km at the tropopause (100 hPa); 3 km in limb Herman, Shephard, et al., 2009 (in prep) O3O3 10 hPa to surface (nadir) 10 to 300 hPa (limb) Nadir: 3-10 ppb high bias for nadir in troposphere 7-16 ppb upper limit rms with expected value for individual profile expected to be much smaller Limb: Low bias of % in the lower strat High bias of 15-35% in the upper strat 15-30% rms in the strat 4-6 km in nadir 13-3 km in limb Worden et al., 2007; Nassar et al., 2008; Richards et al., 2008; Osterman et al., 2008 Boxe et al., 2009 (in prep); Osterman et al., 2009 (limb, in prep); CO100 hPa to surface5-10% global averaged low bias (15-20% rms) compared to MOPITT. Slightly lower in mid-lat and slightly higher in tropics compared to in- situ data with 10-20% variability. 6 km in nadirLuo et al., 2007a,b; Lopez et al., 2008; Ho et al., 2009 (in prep) Research Products: Ammonia Methanol Carbon Dioxide

National Aeronautics and Space Administration Jet Propulsion Laboratory California Institute of Technology Tropospheric Emission Spectrometer Where to get TES Data/Documentation The primary location for obtaining TES data is the Earth Observing System (EOS) Data Gateway This site makes available earlier versions of the TES data. A secondary location for obtaining TES data is the Langley ASDC data pool. The data pool has space limitations that make it somewhat dynamic, therefore older versions of TES data may not be available there. Aura Data Validation Center – (Subsetting, validation data) Documentation available at the Langley ASDC site and the TES website:

National Aeronautics and Space Administration Jet Propulsion Laboratory California Institute of Technology Tropospheric Emission Spectrometer Documentation & Readers TES Quick Start Guide – In development TES Data User’s Guide v4.0 – Completed will be available within a couple of weeks on the TES web sites TES L2 Data Product Specification v11.8 – Provides information on all TES Level 2 data fields TES L2 Validation Report v4.0 – Nearly complete (available in April 2009) L2 Data Readers (in IDL) available at the Langley ASDC Ozone “C-Curve” flag routines (IDL) available at ASDC soon

National Aeronautics and Space Administration Jet Propulsion Laboratory California Institute of Technology Tropospheric Emission Spectrometer TES Nadir Observations Step & Stare footprints 45 km apart Special observation ~1747 run as Feb 2009 Global Survey footprints 180 km apart Every 2 days… ~703 and counting TES Footprint 5 x 8 km Transect footprints 12 km apart Special observation ~192 run as of Feb 2009

National Aeronautics and Space Administration Jet Propulsion Laboratory California Institute of Technology Tropospheric Emission Spectrometer TES Special Observations Step & Stare footprints 45 km apart Special observation ~1747 run as Feb 2009 Stare 32 scans at same target Special observation ~65 run as of 2/2009

National Aeronautics and Space Administration Jet Propulsion Laboratory California Institute of Technology Tropospheric Emission Spectrometer Elevated CO and O3 over SE Texas observed from TES on Aug 23, 2006 Step & Stare footprints 45 km apart Special observation ~1747 run as Feb 2009

National Aeronautics and Space Administration Jet Propulsion Laboratory California Institute of Technology Tropospheric Emission Spectrometer 10 Using Satellite Data to Study Air Pollution and Potential Health Impacts - Continued TES special observation near San Diego on June 9, 2007 showing high levels of ozone in the lower troposphere on the US side of the border Aura Contribution: Using OMI/MLS products to map tropospheric ozone along with the ability of TES to provide vertical information on ozone and carbon monoxide in the troposphere to help the EPA to understand air pollution events TES Contribution: TES provided special observations across the US/Mexico border near San Diego and El Paso Future Work: The work in this project is a first step and provides insight into how the NASA satellite data might be used with EPA tools and health data for studying air pollution events and their health impacts Transect footprints 12 km apart Special observation ~192 run as of Feb 2009

National Aeronautics and Space Administration Jet Propulsion Laboratory California Institute of Technology Tropospheric Emission Spectrometer TES Stare Observations Stare observations used mostly for validation (ARC-IONS, other ozonesonde sites) Stare 32 scans at same target Special observation ~65 run as of 2/2009

National Aeronautics and Space Administration Jet Propulsion Laboratory California Institute of Technology Tropospheric Emission Spectrometer Global Survey Changes May 27, AGU Joint Assembly 12 Start Date/ First Run ID Scans Sequences Maximum Number of TES L2 Profiles Along-Track Distance between Successive Nadir Scan Locations August 22, 2004 / First GS Run ID 2026 (First 4 GS runs were 4 orbits only) (First full GS is Run ID 2147/Sep 20, 2004) 3 Limb/ 2 Nadir 1152 sequences (72 per orbit) Maximum of 4608 L2 profiles (1152 sequences x (3 Limb Scans+ 1 Nadir Scan)) ~544 km May 21, 2005 / Run ID Nadir 1152 sequences (72 per orbit) Maximum of 3456 L2 profiles (1152 sequences x 3 nadir scans) ~182 km January 10, 2006 / Run ID Nadir 1136 sequences (71 per orbit) Maximum of 3408 L2 profiles (1136 sequences x 3 nadir scans) ~182 km June 6, 2008 / Run ID Nadir 960 sequences (60 per orbit) Maximum of 2880 L2 profiles (960 sequences x 3 nadir scans) ~182 km No measurements poleward of 60°S latitude. July 30, 2008 / Run ID Nadir 768 sequences (48 per orbit) Maximum of 2304 L2 profiles (768 sequences x 3 nadir scans) ~182 km No measurements poleward of 50°S, 70°N latitude.

National Aeronautics and Space Administration Jet Propulsion Laboratory California Institute of Technology Tropospheric Emission Spectrometer Visualization of TES Special Observations May 27, AGU Joint Assembly 13

National Aeronautics and Space Administration Jet Propulsion Laboratory California Institute of Technology Tropospheric Emission Spectrometer Special Observation Visualizations May 27, AGU Joint Assembly 14

National Aeronautics and Space Administration Jet Propulsion Laboratory California Institute of Technology Tropospheric Emission Spectrometer Run ID Table

National Aeronautics and Space Administration Jet Propulsion Laboratory California Institute of Technology Tropospheric Emission Spectrometer Visualization of GS, Time Trends

National Aeronautics and Space Administration Jet Propulsion Laboratory California Institute of Technology Tropospheric Emission Spectrometer TES Level 2 Data Version 3 The Version 3 TES data includes: –Limb profiles valid into the upper troposphere –Improvements to the temperature retrievals (updated CO 2 spectroscopy) –Improvements to the methane retrievals –Species dependent quality control information –Use of GMAO GEOS products in L2 retrievals –O 3, CO, H 2 O, HDO, TATM, SST validated with known biases –CH4, Limb Products provisionally validated –F04_04 in filename TES Version 3 data products began processing January 2007 –Complete reprocessing completed (Sep 2004 – Sep 2008) TES data and documentation can be found: –Langley Atmospheric Science Data Center ( –Aura Validation Data Center ( –TES L2 Data User’s Guide available at both sites –TES L2 Validation Report available at both sites

National Aeronautics and Space Administration Jet Propulsion Laboratory California Institute of Technology Tropospheric Emission Spectrometer TES Level 2 Data Version 4 The Version 4 TES data will include: –Limb profiles valid into the upper troposphere –Improvements to the temperature retrievals (updated CO 2 spectroscopy) –Improvements to the methane retrievals –Species dependent quality control information –Use of GMAO GEOS-5 products in L2 retrievals Validation analyses are underway

National Aeronautics and Space Administration Jet Propulsion Laboratory California Institute of Technology Tropospheric Emission Spectrometer Version 4 Processing Began processing in September 2008 –Labels in filename F05_05 and F05_06 –Difference in label depends on the GMAO GEOS version used in the retrievals –Special Observations before October 3, 2008 (Run ID 9168) use GMAO GEOS –Special Observations after October 3, 2008 (Run ID 9168) use GMAO GEOS –Global Surveys before September 30, 2008 (Run ID 9131) use GMAO GEOS –Global Surveys after September 30, 2008 (Run ID 9131) use GMAO GEOS –Problem found in some ozone retrievals at high surface pressures (>1030 hPa) and in the reporting of some water error matrices Restart V04 processing in March 2009 with updated L2 retrieval code –Label in filename will be F05_07 –Differentiate GEOS-5.x.0 version by date/run ID –Processing should be complete late in 2009 –Data with label F05_05/F05_06 remain publicly available until F05_07 is processed for a given run ID – usable in scientific analyses

National Aeronautics and Space Administration Jet Propulsion Laboratory California Institute of Technology Tropospheric Emission Spectrometer TES Level 2 Data Version 4: Validation Update The Version 4 TES data has undergone preliminary validation analyses (processing began in early Sep 2008) Improvements to nadir temperature key feature of V04 data –Bias improved to less than 0.5K compared to sondes at nearly all altitudes –Bias at 400 hPa is ~0.7K –See R Herman et al. poster presentation on Wednesday TES nadir methane retrievals processed as “representative tropospheric VMR” are biased 3-4% high relative to aircraft data –See V Payne et al., presentation – Wed 4:45 Minor changes to ozone retrievals –High bias of 3-10 ppbv (sondes) in V02 data –V02, V03 and V04 data consistent –More successful quality retrievals in V04 –Fewer cases with anomalous high ozone at surface in V04 V04 carbon monoxide, nadir water, HDO, limb products consistent with V03

National Aeronautics and Space Administration Jet Propulsion Laboratory California Institute of Technology Tropospheric Emission Spectrometer Recommendations when using TES ozone data V02 data is a thoroughly validated version of the TES nadir ozone product V03 data is largely consistent with V02 (as suggested by lidar and total column comparisons) –Some spatial differences (observed in monthly maps). –Differences in the occurrence of high surface/very low mid troposphere ozone cases (referred to as “C-curve” cases) observed in comparisons to ozonesondes V04 data validation is currently ongoing, early results suggest: –Higher number of good ozone profiles compared to V03 –A decrease of more than 50% in C-curve cases compared to V03 –There will be a full sonde validation analysis for V04 data and could be expanded to include the TES limb ozone product

National Aeronautics and Space Administration Jet Propulsion Laboratory California Institute of Technology Tropospheric Emission Spectrometer Recommendations when using TES ozone data C-curve ozone profiles in TES data occur in ~5% of the V03 ozone retrievals C-curve profiles tend to be a problem in the following cases: –Tropical observations –Locations very close to land/sea boundaries –Mountainous terrain –Desert terrain In these observing locations, the data user should use both the ozone master quality flag and test for C-curve cases The V03 TES ozone master quality flag does not include a condition for C- curve cases. –No C-curve flag in the V03 data product –Pseudo-code for a C-Curve flag is available in the TES L2 Data User’s Guide The V04 TES ozone master quality flag also does not include a condition for C-curve cases –There is a C-curve flag included in the data product based on the pseudo-code described in the Data User’s Guide.

National Aeronautics and Space Administration Jet Propulsion Laboratory California Institute of Technology Tropospheric Emission Spectrometer Recommendations when using TES ozone data Lin Zhang at Harvard University has developed an alternate test for C-curve profile in the TES ozone product –Preliminary tests with V03 data show it to be very effective at screening out potentially anomalous high surface ozone values –Pseudo-code for this version of the flag will be included in the Data User’s Guide TES ozone profiles flagged as C-curve cases are likely anomalous, but not necessarily always that way. –The flag could screen out actual cases of high ozone in the lowest portion of the troposphere.