Copyright © 2008 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Benjamin Cummings C h a p t e r 19 The Endocrine System PowerPoint ® Lecture Slides prepared by Agnes Yard and Michael Yard Copyright © 2008 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Pearson Benjamin Cummings

Copyright © 2008 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Benjamin Cummings Which of the following is a steroid hormone secreted by the kidney in response to the presence of parathyroid hormone? a. renin (enzyme) b. calcitonin c. calcitriol d. erythropoietin

Copyright © 2008 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Benjamin Cummings Which of the following reproductive hormones support follicle maturation, the development of female secondary sex characteristics, and associated behaviors? a. progestins b. inhibin c. estrogens d. androgens

Copyright © 2008 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Benjamin Cummings Which of the following endocrine glands undergoes atrophy during adulthood? a. thyroid gland b. parathyroid glands c. pineal gland d. thymus

Copyright © 2008 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Benjamin Cummings Regarding clinical implications of endocrine malfunctions, which syndrome is associated with underproduction of insulin by the pancreas? a.diabetes mellitus b. myxedema c. Addison’s disease d. diabetes insipidus

Copyright © 2008 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Benjamin Cummings Insulin is produced by which of the following cells of the endocrine pancreas? a. alpha cells b. beta cells c. delta cells d. F cells

Copyright © 2008 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Benjamin Cummings Which of the following endocrine structures release the hormone leptin? a. suprarenal glands b. adipose tissue c. kidney d. hypothalamus

Copyright © 2008 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Benjamin Cummings Which of the following are types of cells found in the parathyroid glands? a. transitional cells b. chief cells c. oxyphil cells d. all of the above

Copyright © 2008 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Benjamin Cummings As we age, tissues may become ________ responsive to circulating hormones, even though hormone concentrations (are) ________. a. more, normal b. less, increase c. more, decrease d. less, normal

Copyright © 2008 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Benjamin Cummings The hypothalamic neurons manufacture ________ (supraoptic nuclei) and ________ (PVN), which, once released, enter local capillaries and enter the general circulation. a. ADH, oxytocin b. oxytocin, vasopressin c. oxytocin, ADH d. b and c

Copyright © 2008 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Benjamin Cummings Which of the following hormones assists in the regulation of calcium ion concentrations in body fluids, especially during childhood and during physiological stress such as starvation or pregnancy? a. calcitonin b. parathyroid hormone c. thymosins d. thyroxine

Copyright © 2008 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Benjamin Cummings Which of the following suprarenal regions normally secretes small amounts of sex hormones called androgens? a. suprarenal cortex b. zona reticularis c. zona glomerulosa d. zona fasciculata

Copyright © 2008 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Benjamin Cummings In the pancreatic islets, ________ cells produce the hormone ________, which raises blood glucose levels by increasing the rate of glycogen breakdown, as well as glucose release by the liver. a. alpha, glucagon b. beta, insulin c. beta, glucagon d. alpha, insulin

Copyright © 2008 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Benjamin Cummings The catecholamines released by the suprarenal medullae are examples of which group of hormones? a. peptide hormones b. amino acid derivatives c. eicosanoids d. steroid hormones

Copyright © 2008 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Benjamin Cummings Which of the following results from thyroid hormone insufficiency during infancy? a. Grave’s disease b. cretinism c. myxedema d. Cushing’s disease

Copyright © 2008 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Benjamin Cummings Chromaffin cells are large rounded cells innervated by ________ fibers, found in the ________ of the suprarenal gland. a. postganglionic sympathetic, medulla b. preganglionic sympathetic, medulla c. postganglionic sympathetic, zona fasciculata d. preganglionic sympathetic, zona reticularis

Copyright © 2008 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Benjamin Cummings Antidiuretic hormone, or ADH, is released in response to a variety of stimuli, most notably to which of the following? a. a rise in the concentration of blood electrolytes, or a rise in blood volume or pressure b. a fall in the concentration of blood electrolytes, or a rise in blood volume or pressure c. a fall in the concentration of blood electrolytes, or a fall in blood volume or pressure d. a rise in the concentration of blood electrolytes, or a fall in blood volume or pressure

Copyright © 2008 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Benjamin Cummings Which hormone increases the rate of cellular metabolism and oxygen consumption in almost every cell of the body, and accounts for roughly 90% of all thyroid secretions? a. triiodothyronine (T 3 ) b. calcitonin c. thyroxine (T 4 ) d. thymosin

Copyright © 2008 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Benjamin Cummings Which of the following is caused by hyposecretion of corticosteroids, especially glucocorticoids? a. Cushing’s disease b. Grave’s disease c. Addison’s disease d. acromegaly

Copyright © 2008 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Benjamin Cummings Which of the following adenohypophyseal hormones induces ovulation in women and promotes the ovarian secretion of progestins, to prepare the body for possible pregnancy? a.luteinizing hormone b. growth hormone c. prolactin d. follicle-stimulating hormone

Copyright © 2008 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Benjamin Cummings Which pancreatic islet cell type(s) produces growth- hormone-inhibiting hormone (somatostatin)? a. beta cells b. delta cells c. alpha cells d. F cells

Copyright © 2008 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Benjamin Cummings Aldosterone is produced in which suprarenal region? a. zona reticularis b. zona fasciculata c. suprarenal cortex d. zona glomerulosa

Copyright © 2008 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Benjamin Cummings The pineal gland is part of the ________, and contains special secretory cells called ________. a. thalamus, melanocytes b. epithalamus, pinealocytes c. thalamus, pinealocytes d. epithalamus, melanocytes

Copyright © 2008 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Benjamin Cummings The ________ is also called the posterior lobe of the pituitary gland, and it contains the axons and axon terminals of ________ neurons. a. neurohypophysis, hypothalamic b. adenohypophysis, hippocampal c. adenohypophysis, hypothalamic d. neurohypophysis, hippocampal

Copyright © 2008 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Benjamin Cummings Which of the following endocrine structures produces hormones THAT target lymphocytes and have an effect on the maturation and functional competence of the immune system? a. thyroid b. parathyroids c. thymus d. neurohypophysis

Copyright © 2008 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Benjamin Cummings Which region of the adenohypophysis represents the major portion of the pituitary gland? a. pars intermedia b. pars tuberalis c. pars distalis d. pars nervosa