Review Questions and Answers Chapters 16-18 9-13

Chapter 16: Diabetes-Related Emergencies 1. An absolute lack of circulation insulin is characteristic of which condition? A. hypoglycemia B. Type I diabetes C. Type 2 diabetes D. none of the above 9-13

Answer… Ch 16 1. An absolute lack of circulation insulin is characteristic of which condition? A. hypoglycemia B. Type I diabetes C. Type 2 diabetes D. none of the above 9-13

Chapter 16: Diabetes-Related Emergencies 2. A result of 115 mg/dL on a fasting plasma glucose test would indicate A. prediabetes B. Type 1 diabetes C. Type 2 diabetes D. none of the above 9-13

Answer… Ch 16 2. A result of 115 mg/dL on a fasting plasma glucose test would indicate A. prediabetes B. Type 1 diabetes C. Type 2 diabetes D. none of the above 9-13

Chapter 16: Diabetes-Related Emergencies 3. What causes the gangrene that is often associated with diabetic patients? A. diabetic retinopathy B. diabetic nephropathy C. microangiopathic changes D. none of the above 9-13

Answer… Ch 16 3. What causes the gangrene that is often associated with diabetic patients? A. diabetic retinopathy B. diabetic nephropathy C. microangiopathic changes D. none of the above 9-13

Chapter 16: Diabetes-Related Emergencies 4. All of the following are oral complications associated with diabetes except one. Which one is the exception? A. periodontal disease B. xerostomia C. candidiasis D. squamous cell carcinoma 9-13

Answer… Ch 16 4. All of the following are oral complications associated with diabetes except one. Which one is the exception? A. periodontal disease B. xerostomia C. candidiasis D. squamous cell carcinoma 9-13

Chapter 16: Diabetes-Related Emergencies 5. Which diabetic emergency is associated with the following symptoms: tachypnea, Kussmaul’s breathing, nausea, blurred vision, fruity odor on the breath? A. diabetic ketoacidosis B. hyperosmolar hyperglycemic nonketotic syndrome C. hypoglycemia D. gestational diabetes 9-13

Answer… Ch 16 5. Which diabetic emergency is associated with the following symptoms: tachypnea, Kussmaul’s breathing, nausea, blurred vision, fruity odor on the breath? A. diabetic ketoacidosis B. hyperosmolar hyperglycemic nonketotic syndrome C. hypoglycemia D. gestational diabetes 9-13

Chapter 16: Diabetes-Related Emergencies 6. What is the needed treatment for the emergency in the condition cited in question 5? A. Administration of insulin B. Administration of oral glucose C. Immediate surgery to repair their defective pancreas D. Reduction in the amount of insulin the patient is using 9-13

Answer… Ch 16 6. What is the needed treatment for the emergency in the condition cited in question 5? A. Administration of insulin B. Administration of oral glucose C. Immediate surgery to repair their defective pancreas D. Reduction in the amount of insulin the patient is using 9-13

Chapter 16: Diabetes-Related Emergencies 7. The test used to measure a diabetic’s average glucose level over the past three months is A. fasting plasma glucose test B. oral glucose tolerance test C. HbA1c test D. none of the above 9-13

Answer… Ch 16 7. The test used to measure a diabetic’s average glucose level over the past three months is A. fasting plasma glucose test B. oral glucose tolerance test C. HbA1c test D. none of the above 9-13

Chapter 16: Diabetes-Related Emergencies 8. All of the following are symptoms of hypoglycemia in a diabetic patient except one. Which one is the exception? A. confusion B. profuse sweating C. aggressive behavior D. cyanosis 9-13

Answer… Ch 16 8. All of the following are symptoms of hypoglycemia in a diabetic patient except one. Which one is the exception? A. confusion B. profuse sweating C. aggressive behavior D. cyanosis 9-13

Chapter 16: Diabetes-Related Emergencies 9. What is the diabetic emergency that is often seen in institutionalized individuals A. hyperosmolar hyperglycemic state B. diabetic ketoacidodis C. diabetic nephropathy D. gestational diabetes 9-13

Answer… Ch 16 9. What is the diabetic emergency that is often seen in institutionalized individuals A. hyperosmolar hyperglycemic state B. diabetic ketoacidodis C. diabetic nephropathy D. gestational diabetes 9-13

Chapter 16: Diabetes-Related Emergencies 10. All of the following are medications often prescribed for Type 2 diabetic except one. Which one is the exception? A. glucagon (Glucagon) B. metformin (Glucophage) C. rosiglitazone (Avandia) D. tolbutamide (Ornase) 9-13

Answer… Ch 16 10. All of the following are medications often prescribed for Type 2 diabetic except one. Which one is the exception? A. glucagon (Glucagon) B. metformin (Glucophage) C. rosiglitazone (Avandia) D. tolbutamide (Ornase) 9-13

Chapter 17: Adrenal Insufficiency and Crisis 1. All of the following are causes of primary adrenal insufficiency except one. Which one is the exception? A. AIDS B. autoimmune disease C. tuberculosis D. diabetes 9-13

Answer… Ch 17 1. All of the following are causes of primary adrenal insufficiency except one. Which one is the exception? A. AIDS B. autoimmune disease C. tuberculosis D. diabetes 9-13

Chapter 17: Adrenal Insufficiency and Crisis 2. Which of the following is a sign of adrenal crisis? A. hypotension B. bradycardia C. dry skin D. chest pain 9-13

Answer… Ch 17 2. Which of the following is a sign of adrenal crisis? A. hypotension B. bradycardia C. dry skin D. chest pain 9-13

Chapter 17: Adrenal Insufficiency and Crisis 3. A patient suffering from adrenal crisis is in need of A. thyroxine B. glucocorticoids C. glucose D. none of the above 9-13

Answer… Ch 17 3. A patient suffering from adrenal crisis is in need of A. thyroxine B. glucocorticoids C. glucose D. none of the above 9-13

Chapter 17: Adrenal Insufficiency and Crisis 4. Which is the most important vital sign to monitor in a patient suspected of adrenal crisis? A. pulse B. respiration C. blood pressure D. temperature 9-13

Answer… Ch 17 4. Which is the most important vital sign to monitor in a patient suspected of adrenal crisis? A. pulse B. respiration C. blood pressure D. temperature 9-13

Chapter 17: Adrenal Insufficiency and Crisis 5. The dental office is a very stressful situation for your midafternoon patient who is taking corticosteroids. The likelihood of adrenal crisis is increased because stress increases the need for cortisol and patients who suffer from adrenal insufficiency are unable to produce additional cortisol. A. The 1st phrase is true, the 2nd false B. The 1st phrase is false, the 2nd true C. Both phrases are true D. Both phrases are false 9-13

Answer… Ch 17 5. The dental office is a very stressful situation for your midafternoon patient who is taking corticosteroids. The likelihood of adrenal crisis is increased because stress increases the need for cortisol and patients who suffer from adrenal insufficiency are unable to produce additional cortisol. A. The 1st phrase is true, the 2nd false B. The 1st phrase is false, the 2nd true C. Both phrases are true D. Both phrases are false 9-13

Chapter 17: Adrenal Insufficiency and Crisis 6. Your dental-phobic patient with a history of lupus erythematosus who takes corticosteroids daily is scheduled for a dental extraction. What treatment modifications should be made? A. No modifications are necessary B. Have the patient double his dosage of corticosteroid an hour before the appointment. C. Contact his physician for appropriate treatment modification. D. None of the above. 9-13

Answer… Ch 17 6. Your dental-phobic patient with a history of lupus erythematosus who takes corticosteroids daily is scheduled for a dental extraction. What treatment modifications should be made? A. No modifications are necessary B. Have the patient double his dosage of corticosteroid an hour before the appointment. C. Contact his physician for appropriate treatment modification. D. None of the above. 9-13

Chapter 17: Adrenal Insufficiency and Crisis 7. What is the most common medication prescribed for patients with adrenal insuffieciency? A. Hydrocortisone B. Thyroxine C. Epinephrine D. Cephalexin 9-13

Answer… Ch 17 7. What is the most common medication prescribed for patients with adrenal insuffieciency? A. Hydrocortisone B. Thyroxine C. Epinephrine D. Cephalexin 9-13

Chapter 17: Adrenal Insufficiency and Crisis 8. All of the following are likely to trigger an adrenal crisis in patients who suffer from adrenal insufficiency except one. Which one is the exception? A. Infection B. Stress C. Flu D. Weight loss 9-13

Answer… Ch 17 8. All of the following are likely to trigger an adrenal crisis in patients who suffer from adrenal insufficiency except one. Which one is the exception? A. Infection B. Stress C. Flu D. Weight loss 9-13

Chapter 18: Thyroid Emergencies 1. The most accepted method for treating hyperthyroidism is A. surgery B. ablation therapy C. antithyroid medication D. beta blockers 9-13

Answers… Ch 18 1. The most accepted method for treating hyperthyroidism is A. surgery B. ablation therapy C. antithyroid medication D. beta blockers 9-13

Chapter 18: Thyroid Emergencies 2. Which of the following is a sign of thyroid storm? A. fever B. macroglossia C. bradycardia D. hypoventilation 9-13

Answers… Ch 18 2. Which of the following is a sign of thyroid storm? A. fever B. macroglossia C. bradycardia D. hypoventilation 9-13

Chapter 18: Thyroid Emergencies 3. All of the following are strategies for managing thyroid storm except one. Which one is the exception? A. wrapping in blankets to increase body temperature B. administering oxygen 4-6 L/min C. administering acetaminophen D. administering beta blockers 9-13

Answers… Ch 18 3. All of the following are strategies for managing thyroid storm except one. Which one is the exception? A. wrapping in blankets to increase body temperature B. administering oxygen 4-6 L/min C. administering acetaminophen D. administering beta blockers 9-13

Chapter 18: Thyroid Emergencies 4. Hypothyroidism is characterized by A. weight loss B. cold intolerance C. diarrhea D. low cholesterol 9-13

Answers… Ch 18 4. Hypothyroidism is characterized by A. weight loss B. cold intolerance C. diarrhea D. low cholesterol 9-13

Chapter 18: Thyroid Emergencies 5. The emergent condition arising from severe hypothyroidism is A. thyroid storm B. thyrotoxicosis C. myxedema coma D. diabetic ketoacidosis 9-13

Answers… Ch 18 5. The emergent condition arising from severe hypothyroidism is A. thyroid storm B. thyrotoxicosis C. myxedema coma D. diabetic ketoacidosis 9-13

Chapter 18: Thyroid Emergencies 6. The most common medication a patient would take for hypothyroidism is A. levothyroxine B. beta blocker such as vasotec C. acetaminophen D. none of the above 9-13

Answers… Ch 18 6. The most common medication a patient would take for hypothyroidism is A. levothyroxine B. beta blocker such as vasotec C. acetaminophen D. none of the above 9-13

Chapter 18: Thyroid Emergencies 7. All of the following are treatment management strategies for myxedema coma except A. slowly rewarming the patient B. administering IV levothyroxine C. administering IV corticosteroids D. administering sedatives and tranquilizers 9-13

Answers… Ch 18 7. All of the following are treatment management strategies for myxedema coma except A. slowly rewarming the patient B. administering IV levothyroxine C. administering IV corticosteroids D. administering sedatives and tranquilizers 9-13

Chapter 18: Thyroid Emergencies 8. The hereditary autoimmune disease whereby the individual has an increased level of thyroid hormone production is known as A. Myxedema coma B. Grave’s disease C. Hashimoto’s disease D. euthyroid 9-13

Answers… Ch 18 8. The hereditary autoimmune disease whereby the individual has an increased level of thyroid hormone production is known as A. Myxedema coma B. Grave’s disease C. Hashimoto’s disease D. euthyroid 9-13