Human Population The spread of what disease is threatening people from Kenya in their reproductive years?

Is the disease density dependent or density independent? Questions Is the disease density dependent or density independent? How differently would the disease spread in a developing country as opposed to a developed country?

Learning Goals and Activities Compare and contrast gender roles and family planning strategies in developed and developing countries. Describe how countries transition as their population changes List the negative impacts of population growth on the plant Disease Spread activity Video Powerpoint Go over homework

Developed vs. Developing Countries

Women’s Role There is a strong connection between the level of education and financial independence women have and fertility rates Developed Developing More education – reproductive health and vocational knowledge More women at work out of the home Children not needed to support the family Children not needed to care for aging family Average fertility is lower Less Education Less women working out of the home Children work (farming, gathering, family business)- so more children is helpful Elderly rely on their children for care and support Average Fertility is higher

Population Campaigns Fertility rates HIGH Developing Developed Fertility rates HIGH Access to food, water, medical care, education DIFFICULT Strategy- REDUCE FERTILITY RATE (less babies/woman) India, Kenya, 1970s China Fertility Rates LOW (< 2) Growing elderly population w/ no one to care for them Less humans to take over key positions in society- gov’t, medicine, education Strategy- RAISE FERTILITY RATES (more babies/woman) Japan, most of Europe

Demographic Transition https://www.youtube.com/ watch?v=6P2bsPWCRvM

The Demographic Transition Demographic Transition- a model based on observations and histories of developed countries that describe how population trends occur Takes about 1-3 generations for the demographic transition to occur in most developed countries

The Demographic Transition Stage 1 (preindustrial): high birth and death rate; stable population size US until about 1700 Stage 2 (transitional): death rates decline as hygiene, nutrition, and education improve; high birth rates; fast population growth Population could double in less than 30 yrs

The Demographic Transition Stage 3 (industrial): birth rate decreases; birth and death rates become closer to the same level and population starts to stabilize Stage 4 (post-industrial): birth rate goes below replacement level and population decreases

The Demographic Transition

The demographic transition is a(n): Untested hypothesis Natural law Model based on observed patterns International law   A country in the second stage of the demographic transition may have all of the follow except: Increasing agricultural production Improving healthcare and education Decreasing population size Decreasing death rates 

According to the theory of demographic transition, population in Stage 1 tend to: Increase Decrease Remain the same Be large Countries that have entered the third stage of demographic transition are most probably characterized by: Weak or developing countries Death rates that far exceed birth rates Societal conditions that favor smaller families Populations with a high proportion of young people

Problems of Rapid Population Growth

Resource depletion ex. Shortage of fuel wood Access to resources Habitat destruction/fragmentation Strains on Infrastructure Increased Pollution Biodiversity Loss Public health issues – Contagious Disease Shortage of Energy resources Acceleration of climate change Lack of space for housing Lack of arable (farmable) land Lack of forest lands Access to clean water Political Conflict

Resource Depletion Poor countries rely on wood for fuel for fires to boil water and cook food. The water supply becomes contaminated with diseases such as dysentery, typhoid, and cholera

Access to Resources Growing gap between wealthy and poor Who decides who gets access? What happens to people without access to resources? DEVELOPED DEVELOPING Population ~1.1 billion ~6.1 billion % Global Energy Consumption 87 13

Infrastructure High rates of population growth can overwhelming the infrastructure of a community Infrastructure – the basic facilities and services that support a community Examples:

Impacts on Land Growing populations have a shortage of arable land Arable Land- land that can be used to grow crops

Problems of Rapid Growth: Impacts on Land Example: Egypt Because it is mostly desert, crops must be grown in the Nile River valley Also where jobs are located, so people want to live there As farmland is cleared for homes, the land that can be used for crops shrinks

Impacts on Land Urbanization- more people live in cities than in rural areas Housing in cities becomes more dense and more costly

Impacts on Land Suburban Sprawl People often find work in cities but move into suburban areas around cities Leads to traffic jams, inadequate infrastructure, and reduction of land for farming and wildlife

Population Campaigns

Populations Campaigns