Lecture 21 Outline: 1 st half II)Pornography i) -terms: pornography, erotica, obscenity -legal issues ii) impact of pornography -aggression? -attitudes toward women? iii) sex differences in reactions to pornography

POCKET CRIMINAL CODE OF CANADA 1993: SECTION 163 UNDER THE HEADING OFFENSES TENDING TO CORRUPT MORALS 163. (1) EVERYONE COMMITS AN OFFENSE WHO: (A) MAKES, PRINTS, PUBLISHES, DISTRIBUTES, CIRCULATES, OR HAS IN HIS POSSESSION FOR THE PURPOSE OF PUBLICATION, DISTRIBUTION OR CIRCULATION ANY OBSCENE WRITTEN MATTER, PICTURE, MODEL, PHONOGRAPH RECORD OR OTHER THING WHATEVER; OR (B) MAKES, PRINTS, PUBLISHES, DISTRIBUTES OR CIRCULATION A CRIME COMIC. (2) EVERY ONE COMMITS AN OFFENCE WHO KNOWINGLY, WITHOUT LAWFUL JUSTIFICATION OR EXCUSE, (A) SELLS, EXPOSES TO PUBLIC VIEW OR HAS IN HIS POSSESSION FOR SUCH A PURPOSE ANY OBSCENE WRITTEN MATTER, PICTURE, MODEL, PHONOGRAPH RECORD OR OTHER THING WHATEVER; (B) PUBLICLY EXHIBITS A DISGUSTING OBJECT OR AN INDECENT SHOW;... (3) NO PERSON SHALL BE CONVICTED OF AN OFFENCE UNDER THIS SECTION IF HE ESTABLISHES THAT THE PUBLIC GOOD WAS SERVED BY THE ACTS THAT RE ALLEGED TO CONSTITUTE THE OFFENCE AND THAT THE ACTS ALLEGED DID NOT EXTEND BEYOND WHAT SERVED THE PUBLIC GOOD. (7) IN THIS SECTION, "CRIME COMIC" MEANS A MAGAZINE, PERIODICAL OR BOOK THAT EXCLUSIVELY OR SUBSTANTIALLY COMPRISES MATTER DEPICTING PICTORIALLY (A) THE COMMISSION OF CRIMES, REAL OR FICTITIOUS; OR (B) EVENTS CONNECTED WITH THE COMMISSION OF CRIMES, REAL OR FICTITIOUS WHETHER OCCURRING BEFORE OR AFTER THE COMMISSION OF THE CRIME. (8) FOR THE PURPOSES OF THIS ACT, ANY PUBLICATION A DOMINANT CHARACTERISTIC OF WHICH IS THE UNDUE EXPLOITATION OF SEX, OR OF SEX AND ANY ONE OR MORE OF THE FOLLOWING SUBJECTS, NAMELY, CRIME, HORROR, CRUELTY AND VIOLENCE, SHALL BE DEEMED OBSCENE.

From Brosius et al. (1993) Behaviours: % of all scenes depicting: cunnilingus 13% fellatio 39% Relationships Committed partners 6% Strangers 19% Casual acquaintances 21% Reason for Sex Pleasure 77% Affection 6% Other aims 6% (e.g., get a promotion) Violent coercion 3%

From Reiss (1986) % in each education group seeing X-rated film -past year < high school 13% high school 20% > high school 24% % of X-rated movie attenders/non-attenders agreeing Attenders Non-attenders "women should run their homes and leave running the country up to men 19% 32% approve of a married woman working if her husband 81% 72% makes enough to support them?

From Traeen et al. (2004) % agreeing/disagreeing with each statement (note: the remaining participant’s attitudes reflected moderate agreement) Men Women Promotes sexual openness strongly agree 32% 24% disagree 13% 23% Makes sex better strongly agree 18% 13% disagree 17% 39% Harmful to sexuality strongly agree 6% 16% disagree 56% 36% Degrades women strongly agree 24% 45% disagree 26% 12% Pornography should be forbidden strongly agree 13% 28% disagree 64% 35%

From Mosher and MacIan (1994) Ratings of responses to X-rated films (6 = lowest, 30 = highest possible score Disgust Sexual Arousal Men (either film) Women ("female-oriented" film) Women ("male-oriented" film)

Lecture 21 Outline: 2nd Half Prostitution I) Clients of Prostitutes: Who are they? II)Prostitutes: Who are they? Why do they become prostitutes? Quality of Life for Prostitutes?

From Monto & Mcree (2005) Comparisons between men convicted w/ prostitution-related charges versus a comparison sample from the population (U.S.) Prostitution offenders General Sample Education: High school degree or less 64% 73% College degree 36% 27% Married? 40% 53% (of the married men): Happily married? 40% 60% Attitudes: Homosexuality completely acceptable? 36% 25% 3 or more sex partners, past year 37% 12%

From Diana (1985) Most common reasons given for using prostitutes Regular partner not available 21% Sexual variety 20% Some experience not otherwise available 13% Boredom 12% Curiosity 10%

From Diana (1985) Characteristics of full-time prostitutes Education < high school 78% High school grad. 12.5% > high school 9.5% Marital status Have children? Single 36% 37% Married 13% 65% Separated/divorced 51% 70%

From Diana (1985) Why did you go into the profession? (% mentioning) high income 68% pleasant/easy work 59% vision of exciting life 33% unqualified for other work 15% sexual reasons 0%

From Diana (1985) Frequency of orgasm with clients with lovers never 67% 18% occasionally 14% 19% once/week or more 19% 63%