Chapter 3 Section 2: Egypt ’ s Pharaohs

Dynasty Series of rulers from a single family 31 dynasties over 2800 years Series of rulers from a single family 31 dynasties over 2800 years

Old Kingdom 3 rd Dynasty 2600 – 2180 B.C. 3 rd Dynasty 2600 – 2180 B.C.

Pharaohs Kings of Egypt Worshipped as gods Responsible for entire kingdom Kings of Egypt Worshipped as gods Responsible for entire kingdom

Life After Death Continued to rule after death Ka (eternal spirit) Tombs w/ necessities and luxuries Mummified bodies Continued to rule after death Ka (eternal spirit) Tombs w/ necessities and luxuries Mummified bodies

Pyramids Age of the Pyramids – Old Kingdom Giza – Great Pyramid Age of the Pyramids – Old Kingdom Giza – Great Pyramid

Great Pyramid Blocks: 2 ½ - 15 tons 2 million blocks 481 ft. high Covered 13 acres Blocks: 2 ½ - 15 tons 2 million blocks 481 ft. high Covered 13 acres

80 pyramids stand today in Egypt!

End of the Old Kingdom pharaoh ’ s power declined (possible change in climate?) Nobles and officials gained power Result was civil war pharaoh ’ s power declined (possible change in climate?) Nobles and officials gained power Result was civil war

“ First Illness ” 2180 – 2080 B.C. Poor harvest Lawlessness Warfare 2180 – 2080 B.C. Poor harvest Lawlessness Warfare

The Middle Kingdom

2080 – 1640 B.C. Farming revived Arts flourished Trade grew Capital - Thebes 2080 – 1640 B.C. Farming revived Arts flourished Trade grew Capital - Thebes

Pharaohs focused on …. People Building projects: canals & dikes Afterlife was important to ALL (Burial for all) People Building projects: canals & dikes Afterlife was important to ALL (Burial for all)

“ Second Illness ” B.C. Civil war Invasion by Hyksos (nomads who came with chariots) B.C. Civil war Invasion by Hyksos (nomads who came with chariots)

Contributions of the Hyksos Bronze Horse-drawn chariots Bow / arrow Spinning & weaving Bronze Horse-drawn chariots Bow / arrow Spinning & weaving

Defeat of Hyksos Queen Ahhotep Kamose – last king of 17 th dynasty Ahmose – united Egypt and drove out Hyksos Queen Ahhotep Kamose – last king of 17 th dynasty Ahmose – united Egypt and drove out Hyksos

New Kingdom

1570 – 1075 B.C. Wealthy & powerful Turned into conquerors Warlike Pharaohs – 18 th Dynasty 1570 – 1075 B.C. Wealthy & powerful Turned into conquerors Warlike Pharaohs – 18 th Dynasty

Weekend Homework Put your name on articles If more than one page – staple If you did not do your weekend homework…. 10 points will be deducted from your assignment Put your name on articles If more than one page – staple If you did not do your weekend homework…. 10 points will be deducted from your assignment

Hatshepsut Encouraged trade Death a mystery Encouraged trade Death a mystery ? ?

Thutmose III Warrior pharaoh 1450 – 1425 B.C. Pushed southward to 4 th cataract 15 victories in Palestine and Syria Warrior pharaoh 1450 – 1425 B.C. Pushed southward to 4 th cataract 15 victories in Palestine and Syria

Egypt vs Hitittes Hittites had come from Asia Minor around 1900 B.C. – expanded into Palestine Several confrontations w/ Egypt Battle of Kadesh ( 1288 B.C.) – standstill Became allies Hittites had come from Asia Minor around 1900 B.C. – expanded into Palestine Several confrontations w/ Egypt Battle of Kadesh ( 1288 B.C.) – standstill Became allies

New Kingdom Builders Pyramids of Old Kingdom too visible Valley of the Kings (Thebes) Ramses II: 1279 – 1212 B.C. (67 years) Pyramids of Old Kingdom too visible Valley of the Kings (Thebes) Ramses II: 1279 – 1212 B.C. (67 years)

Karnak Temple

Ramses II Built temple of Amon at Karmak Temple at Abu Simbel Built temple of Amon at Karmak Temple at Abu Simbel

Fall of Egypt Vast empire led to revolts Tribes of Lybians invaded from west 1200 B.C. – attacked by “ peoples of the sea ” Vast empire led to revolts Tribes of Lybians invaded from west 1200 B.C. – attacked by “ peoples of the sea ”

Other Invasions 751 B.C.: Kush conquered Egypt 671 B.C. - Assyrians pushed out Kush & controlled Egypt 539 B.C. - Persians 751 B.C.: Kush conquered Egypt 671 B.C. - Assyrians pushed out Kush & controlled Egypt 539 B.C. - Persians