UNIT 5 Chapter 20 – The Atlantic World

CHAPTER 20: The Atlantic World, 1492–1800 SECTION 1 SECTION 3 SECTION 4 Spain Builds an American Empire The Atlantic Slave Trade The Columbian Exchange and Global Trade Europeans explore and colonize the Americas, disrupting native civilizations, and build the slave trade to support plantations in the New World. Christopher Columbus, Spanish explorer, as young man.

 CORE OBJECTIVE: Examine the era of European exploration and how it impacted the region. Objective 5.1: Describe how Spain built an American empire.  THEME: The countries of Europe will discover new lands in the Americas and try to increase their power and wealth by controlling those territories.

SPAIN BUILDS AN AMERICAN EMPIRE C H A P T E R 20 The voyages of Columbus prompt the Spanish to establish colonies in the Americas. SECTION 1

Christopher Columbus is 1 st European to reach Central America; sails for Spain; seeks gold (1492) o Thinks he is in East Indies, calls natives “los indios”—Indians o Actually lands on an island, probably in the Bahamas Unable to find gold, he claims many islands for Spain o In 1493, he sets out for the Americas again with a large fleet o The goal was not to explore, but to build an empire Spain aims to set up colonies — lands controlled by a foreign nation

Pedro Álvares Cabral claims Brazil for Portugal (1500) Amerigo Vespucci identifies South America as new continent (1501) – named after him o In 1507, German mapmaker names the continent America Vasco Núñez de Balboa reaches the Pacific Ocean through Panama Ferdinand Magellan sails through south end of South America o His goal was to sail around the world in 1519 o He eventually makes it to the Philippines, but gets involved in warfare o Magellan is killed, but some of his men return to Spain in 1522

Conquistadors o In 1519, Hernando Cortés — Spanish adventurer — lands in Mexico o Cortes and others become known as conquistadors — Spanish conquerors Cortés Conquers the Aztecs o Cortés and 600 men reach Aztec capital of Tenochtitlán o By 1521, they conquer Aztec empire o Conquest aided by superior weapons, Native American allies European diseases wipe out large numbers of Aztecs; make them much easier to conquer

Another Conquistador o Spanish conqueror Francisco Pizarro leads force to Peru in 1532 o Pizarro kills Atahualpa — Inca ruler — and defeats the Inca Spain’s Pattern of Conquest o Spanish men and Native American women have children o The America’s have a large mestizo — mixed Spanish and native —population o Encomienda system — Spanish force Native Americans to work for them The Portuguese in Brazil o In 1530s, Portuguese settle in Brazil, begin growing sugar

Growth of Spanish Power o Conquests in Americas bring great wealth to Spain o Spain enlarges its navy to protect ships carrying treasure Conquistadors Push North o Juan Ponce de León claims Florida for Spain (1513) o In 1540s, Francisco Coronado explores Southwest, finds little gold o Catholic priests set up missions in Southwest o In early 1600s, Spanish establish capital of Santa Fe

Protests Against Mistreatment o Catholic priests protest mistreatment of Native Americans African Slavery and Native Resistance o Spain abolishes encomienda system (1542) o Need for workers on farms is solved with enslaved Africans o Some Native Americans resist Spanish conquerors o In 1680, Popé leads rebellion against Spanish in modern New Mexico o Spanish driven out, but return 12 years later to stay

THE ITALIAN RENAISSANCE— Assessment For what is the Medici family famous? A. For being the greatest military leaders of the era B. For being writers C. For being religious reformers D. For being rulers and supporters of the arts Which of the following was NOT one of Italy’s advantages that led to the beginning of the Renaissance in that region? A. Smaller city-states that encouraged exchange of ideas B. Most of the gold in Europe was stored in Italian capitals C. A wealthy merchant class developed with abundant jobs D. The recovery and study of Greek and Roman manuscripts

THE ITALIAN RENAISSANCE— Assessment For what is the Medici family famous? A. For being the greatest military leaders of the era B. For being writers C. For being religious reformers D. For being rulers and supporters of the arts Which of the following was NOT one of Italy’s advantages that led to the beginning of the Renaissance in that region? A. Smaller city-states that encouraged exchange of ideas B. Most of the gold in Europe was stored in Italian capitals C. A wealthy merchant class developed with abundant jobs D. The recovery and study of Greek and Roman manuscripts