ELECTRON MOVING AT CONSTANT VELOCITY ELECTRON AT REST ELECTROSTATIC FIELD NO MAGNETIC FIELD ELECTRON MOVING AT CONSTANT VELOCITY STATIC MAGNETIC FIELD

ELECTROMAGNETIC RADIATION = LIGHT ACCELERATING ELECTRON (LINEAR) SLOW FAST ELECTROMAGNETIC RADIATION = LIGHT

SLOW ELECTRON MOVING IN A CIRCLE (LOW ENERGY ELECTRON) Acceleration LIGHT

FAST ELECTRON MOVING IN A CIRCLE (RELATIVISTIC HIGH ENERGY ELECTRON NEAR THE SPEED OF LIGHT) EXTREMELY INTENSE HIGHLY COLLIMATED BROAD BANDWIDTH LIGHT

Dipole radiation ”doughnut” moving at speed of light towards the observer collapses to a narrow cone

Bend magnet, Wiggler, Undulator

Undulator magnet structure and electron trajectory

Undulator: Pencil beam Synchrotron Electrons Circulate in a Storage Ring Bending Magnet: Fan beam Bending Magnet Electron Beam Synchrotron Storage Ring Insertion Device Magnet Radio Frequency Cavity Insertion Device: Wiggler: Fan beam Undulator: Pencil beam Vacuum Chamber

Flashlight – low brightness Divergent Beam Low Intensity Large Source Synchrotron – high brightness Extreme Collimation Extremely High Intensity Tiny Source Insertion Device: Array of magnets

MAX IV and Schematic Beamline 1.4 GeV Ring 3 GeV Ring B Front End X-ray Optics Experiment Hutches Data & Control Insertion Device Electron Gun Linac Beam Transport Beamline: Front end, Beam transport pipes Optics Experiment hutches Data and control areas

MAX IV and Schematic Beamline LINAC e-Beam 1.4 GeV Ring 3 GeV Ring Front End X-ray Optics Experiment Hutches Data & Control Insertion Device Electron Gun Beam Transport

MAX IV and Schematic Beamline 1.4 GeV Ring 3 GeV Ring Stored e-Beam Front End X-ray Optics Experiment Hutches Data & Control Insertion Device Electron Gun Beam Transport

MAX IV and Schematic Beamline 1.4 GeV Ring 3 GeV Ring Stored e-Beam Front End X-ray Optics Experiment Hutches Data & Control X-Rays Insertion Device Electron Gun

18.5 mm period undulator at MAX IV

80 mm period hybrid wiggler at MAX IV

Bent perfect crystals act as lenses with variable energy bandpass

Beam expander at BMIT of CLS

Focusing by refractive compound lenses

Compound 1D and 2D refractive lenses are used for focusing, beam expansion, and ”pink beam” monochromators

Canadian Lightsource Experimental Hall and Beamline Shield Wall First Radiation Enclosure Beamline SGM PGM beamline at the CLS. The beamline closest to us is the SGM line (spherical grating monochromater) while the PGM beamline actually splits into two (plane grating monochromater). These are the first of the beamlines scheduled to be ready for Users in 2004. The types of research that will be conducted on the PGM beamline includes the physics and chemistry of nanostructures, surfaces and thin films (such as for catalysts and optoelectronics) The SGM beamline will be conducting experiments in the UV and X-ray spectra and is useful for studying materials with low atomic numbers.

Typical Biomedical Beamline Front-End Shutters, Apertures, Position- Monitors. Shielding Storage Ring X-ray Source White SR Beam .001 – 105 eV Monochromator ΔE/E = 10-3 – 10-4 Gratings, Crystals White Light Mirrors Zone Plates Focusing ~μm2 – cm2 Experiment & End Station Sample, Patient, Detectors Image Display

Compact Compton Source