1. X-Ray Transport, Optics, and Diagnostics WBS 1. 3. 1 Alan J
X-Ray Transport, Optics, and Diagnostics WBS Alan J. Wootton, LLNL April 23, 2002
Systems Descriptions
Major Technical Challenges
ES&H Issues
Cost estimates
Construction Schedules
Project Engineering Design Strategy
LCLS DOE Review, April 23, 2002
Alan J. Wootton

2. System Descriptions: objectives, organization and requirements
To transport the photon beam to diagnostics and optics stations
To provide the diagnostics necessary to characterize the photon beam
To provide the optics necessary to demonstrate the capability to process the photon beam
Organization
An LCLS working group, with additional input from others, held bi-weekly meetings
Requirements
Originally distilled by the working group from the ‘first experiments’ publication, and presentations
Generalized via discussions with J. Galayda and J. Hastings
LCLS DOE Review, April 23, 2002
Alan J. Wootton

3. We utilize the Front End Enclosure (FEE), two halls (A and B) with hutches, and a tunnel
Hall B experiences a reduced fluence, by ~20, allowing many standard solutions to be used. Hall A is for elements and instruments that depend on close proximity to the undulator.These include:
planar take-off mirrors (to reduce the facet)
refractive lenses and future compressor optics (efficiency-limited by aperture) multilayer-based transmission gratings (quality and efficiency limited by aperture)
An additional use for Hall A is to characterize or use the spontaneous synchrotron radiation (SR )
Hall A
Hall B
Mirror, diag tank, monitors
Exp & optics tank (KB, zone)
Commdiags, exp tank
slits/collimators, 2xdiag tank, monitors, attenuators, masks
Mono-chromator, split/delay
Exp tank
Front End Enclosure
Tunnel
Mirror, diag tank
Beam direction
LCLS DOE Review, April 23, 2002
Alan J. Wootton

4. Layouts are available Hall A Hall B Front End Enclosure
LCLS DOE Review, April 23, 2002
Alan J. Wootton

5. The components are organized by function
LCLS DOE Review, April 23, 2002
Alan J. Wootton

6. There are major technical challenges
General
Extreme fluences
maintaining optics for more than 1 pulse
Extremely small temporal and spatial characteristics
maintaining coherence during beam transport and manipulation
high resolution diagnostics
Parameters may vary pulse-to-pulse – need data on every pulse
Windowless operation required at 0.8 keV
Focusing, imaging, data acquisition, spectroscopy, etc. push state-of-the-art
To deal with the fluences, the following strategies are adopted
a far field experimental hall to reduce energy densities by natural divergence
a gas absorption cell and solid attenuator, to attenuate by up to 104
low-Z optics that are damaged least
grazing incidence optics that increase the optical footprint and reflect most incident power
LCLS DOE Review, April 23, 2002
Alan J. Wootton

7. The fluence provides the primary challenge
FEE
Hall A
Hall B
In Hall A, low-Z materials will accept even normal incidence. The fluences in Hall B are sufficiently low for standard optical solutions. Even in the Front End Enclosure (FEE), low Z materials may be possible at normal incidence above ~4 keV, and at all energies with grazing incidence. In the FEE, gas is required for attenuation at < 4 keV
LCLS DOE Review, April 23, 2002
Alan J. Wootton

8. Operation below the critical angle reduces the absorbed fluence
The multiplicative factor on the tolerable fluence as a function of grazing incidence angle, for a plane Si surface irradiated by 800 and 8000 eV photons. For 800 eV the results are shown with and without a correction for photo-electron penetration.
LCLS DOE Review, April 23, 2002
Alan J. Wootton

9. Specific technical challenges have been identified
The windowless gas attenuator and ion chambers
Low-cost, high-resolution, high rep rate, non-invasive imaging systems
Survivable slits
Pulse length measurement and synchronization
Gas attenuator schematic
Gas attenuator location
attenuator
LCLS DOE Review, April 23, 2002
Alan J. Wootton

10. Specific ES&H issues are identified, and are subject to SLAC safety management
Earthquake
Applies to beam-lines, tanks, stands, …
High pressure gas
Applies to gas attenuator and ion chamber systems
Hazardous Materials
Includes Be windows, coatings, blocks in valves, mirrors, and optics. Also includes some Li in the optics
Machining and/or processing of these materials will be done at qualified off-site facilities. Periodic monitoring, such as “swiping” for Be, may be indicated in certain areas
Engineering Safety Notes will be developed for each item
LCLS DOE Review, April 23, 2002
Alan J. Wootton

11. Additional ES&H Issues are dealt with under other wbs elements
House keeping
Particle radiation (neutrons, muons, ..)
Direct photon radiation
Subsidiary lasers
Use of forklifts and cranes
LCLS DOE Review, April 23, 2002
Alan J. Wootton

12. 1.3.1 X-Ray Transport/Optics/Diagnostics(FY02 Dollars, Thousands)
Name
PED Cost
Construction
Contingency
Total
% contingency
1.3.1
X-ray TOD
$ 7,644
$ 14,347
$ 4,657
$ 26,649
21%
PED
$ 1,599
$ 9,243
Mechanical
$ 2,522 $
$ 2,987
18%
Facility Optical Systems
$ 3,740 $
$ 4,481
20%
End Station Optical Systems
$ 1,336 $
$ 1,632
22%
Crystals and Gratings $ $ $
26%
Diagnostics
$ 6,500
$ 1,492
$ 7,993
23%
LCLS DOE Review, April 23, 2002
Alan J. Wootton

13. A schedule is proposed k$, FY02 Totals FY03 FY04 FY05 FY06 FY07
Hall B occupancy
Hall A occupancy
FEE occupancy
k$, FY02
FY03
FY04
FY05
FY06
FY07
Totals
LCLS DOE Review, April 23, 2002
Alan J. Wootton

14. The Preliminary Engineering Design (PED) is proposed
FY03
Diagnostics
Modeling and simulation of beam characteristics
and backgrounds at detector positions.
Facility Optical Systems
Start of preliminary design of FFTB items
Mechanical and Vacuum
FY04
Simulations of individual detector performance
Preliminary design of all detectors complete
Preliminary design and safety notes for FFTB items complete
Preliminary design and safety notes complete
$800k
$1800k
LCLS DOE Review, April 23, 2002
Alan J. Wootton

15. Deliverables for CD2 (Jan 2003) are proposed (4 months work)
Preliminary design of a subset of the priority 1 components in the front end enclosure
Beam stop and burn through monitor
Slits / collimators
Diagnostic tank
Gas detector
Gas attenuator, solid attenuator
Fixed mask
Fast close valve
Pumps
Isolation valve
Beam direction
LCLS DOE Review, April 23, 2002
Alan J. Wootton

16. Summary
The X-ray transport, optics and diagnostics plan for LCLS has been developed. It consists of :
Diagnostics
Facility Optical Systems
End Station Optics
Crystals and Gratings
Mechanical and Vacuum
The total cost is $26.6 M
The initial PED required is $0.8 M in FY03 and $1.8 M in FY04
The components can be delivered to meet the LCLS schedule; initial effort will be on items in the Front End Enclosure
LCLS DOE Review, April 23, 2002
Alan J. Wootton