THE BRIEF HISTORY OF 8085 MICROPROCESSOR & THEIR APPLICATIONS PRESENTED BY Prof. U V THETE Dept. of Computer Science YMA

WHAT IS MICROPROCESSOR ? The Microprocessor is a Programmable device. It has computing & decision making capabilities. Fig:- Microprocessor Chip

HOW DOES THE MICROPROCESSOR WORK ? The Microprocessor reads BINARY instructions from a storage device, called – MEMORY. It accepts binary data as input and processes data according to the instructions. Fig:-BASIC MICROPROCESSOR BASED SYSTEM ARCHITECTURE

TYPES OF MICROPROCESSOR CISC (Complex Instruction Set Computer) RISC (Reduced Instruction Set Computer) VLIW (Very Long Instruction Word Computers ) SUPER SCALAR PROCESSOR

CISC AND RISC TECHNOLOGY RISC stands for reduced instruction set computer and CISC - for complex instruction set computer. RISC chips use simpler instructions sets to achieve higher clock frequencies and process more instructions per clock cycle than CISC processors. CISC chips have a large amount of different and complex instructions. Reason is hardware is always faster than software so, have a powerful instruction set, which provides programmers with assembly instructions to do a lot with short Programs. CISC chips are relatively slow (compared to RISC chips) per instruction, but use little (less than RISC) instructions. Intel and AMD, for example, develop CISC processors (x86), while Apple and SUN use RISC architecture.

CISC AND RISC TECHNOLOGY RISC is cheaper and. RISC puts a greater burden on the software. Software needs to become more complex. Software developers need to write more lines for the same tasks. So, RISC is not the architecture of the future. CISC chips are becoming faster and cheaper anyway. Pentium is definitely CISC

4 – BIT MICROPROCESSORS Video games, Microwave ovens, Calculators. World’s FIRST Microprocessor is – INTEL 4004. It is a 4 bit microprocessor based on LSI Technology. APPLICATION:- Video games, Microwave ovens, Calculators. DRAWBACKS:- Slow, Small Memory Size. Fig:- INTEL 4004

8 – BIT MICROPROCESSORS In 1972,8-bit microprocessor Intel 8008 had been launched. It can address 16KB memory. In 1974, Intel 8080 came with 10 times higher speed. Addresses 64KB memory. APPLICATION:- Calculator, Traffic Signal Control, Altair 8800 Computer (First PC). Fig:- INTEL 8008 Fig:- INTEL 8080

Z- 80 MICROPROCESSOR Z-80 microprocessor is manufactured by Zilog Corporation on July,1976. It has 16bit Address Bus & 8bit Data Bus. Required less hardware for power supply. Fig:- Zilog Z-80

APPLICATIONS OF Z-80 Fig:-Z80 CPU formed on Glass Substrate Fig:- Programming Graphing Calculator Fig:- WRIST COMPUTER

BASIC FEATURES OF 8085 8085 is a 8-bit microprocessor. It is capable of addressing 64KB of memory. It has 40 pins & requires +5V of power supply. Required Clock frequency is 3MHz. Fig:- Intel 8085

DEMULTIPLEXING OF AD7-AD0 A15-A8 HIGHER ORDER ADDRESS BUS ALE AD7-AD0 LOWER ORDER ADDRESS BUS Latch A7- A0 8085 D7- D0 DATA BUS Fig:- Demultiplexing of Address/ Data Lines

APPLICATIONS OF 8085 WordStar Automatic Water Level Controller Automatic Plant Irrigator Traffic Control System

WHERE WE STAND NOW ? 64-BIT MP 32-BIT MP 16-BIT MP 8-BIT MP 4-BIT MP Itanium, Pentium Dual Core, Core i3, i5, i7 Intel 80386, 80486, Pentium P5, P6,Pentium 4 Intel 8086, 8088, 80186, 80286 64-BIT MP Intel 8008, 8080, 8085, Z-80 32-BIT MP 16-BIT MP Intel 4004 8-BIT MP 4-BIT MP Latest Version of Intel Microprocessor – Core i7. Introduced on 16 March,2010

Dual-Core A dual-core processor is a CPU with two processors or "execution cores" in the same integrated circuit. Each processor has its own cache and controller, which enables it to function as efficiently as a single processor. they can perform operations up to twice as fast as a single processor can. The Intel Core Duo, the AMD X2, and the dual-core PowerPC G5 are all examples of CPUs that use dual-core technologies. a dual-core system has twice the processing power of a single-processor machine,

Intel Core i3 Processor Intel Core i5 Processor Uses 4 threads. it uses hyperthreading technology with its improved efficiency over earlier processors. This processor consists of 2-4 cores Contains A 3-4 MB Cache Uses less heat and energy than earlier processors. Intel Core i5 Processor This is the mid-size processor . It is used where the user will be running resource-intensive applications. It has 2-4 cores, the main difference is that it has a higher clock speed than the Core i3. This is also a heat and energy efficient processor. it also uses hyperthreading technology for a boost in performance. The cache of the Core i5 is bigger than the Core i3, it’s at 3-8 MB.

Intel Core i7 Processor The cache on this one is 4-8 MB. This processor comes with 8 threads, definitely enough to get the job done quickly.And yes it also utilizes hyperthreading technology. it is more energy efficient and produces less heat.

Fig:- World’s First Flexible Organic Microprocessor THE LATEST WONDER Fig:- World’s First Flexible Organic Microprocessor

Fig:- 10th Generation of Itanium chip having 3 billion Transistors FUTURE ASCEPTS Microprocessors are increasingly playing a major role in the modern society. To-day, the processors can be seen as a set of several sub-processors working for a single program. Possibly in the future, the microprocessor chip will hold several processors working in parallel for several program threads. Fig:- 10th Generation of Itanium chip having 3 billion Transistors

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