History of the Web – PART 1 ;-). The World-Wide-Web has revolutionized the availability and access to information. Billions of web pages may be reached.

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Presentation transcript:

History of the Web – PART 1 ;-)

The World-Wide-Web has revolutionized the availability and access to information. Billions of web pages may be reached through search engines, and this is only a fraction of what is hidden in searchable databases. bit.ly/WebHistoryNotes

Memex: The first Hypertext system Dreamed up by Vanevar Bush: “Memory Extension” “As we may think” [1945] Photo-electrico-mechanical desk Storage for knowledge Computing device With user interface With powerful search

…but he did not call it “Hypertext”… Term coined by Ted Nelson [1965] Xanadu Ambitious! Distributed network of documents Two-way hyperlinks Version management Annotation Elaborate copyright management system Far more powerful than the web but it did not succeed! Why did it fail?

Text + Link… How about the Click! Mouse and GUIs invented by Doug Engelbart “On the augmentation of human intellect” [1968] NLS: oNLineSystem demoed in a “now-famous video” Your impressions of the video?

Before the Web Citation Reference to other text Powerful! Examples  The Bible etc religious texts  Encyclopedias  Dictionaries Hypertext Text + Links + Click! Ease of citation use, really Hypermedia (text/image/video/audio/etc) + links + click!

World-wide-web Tim Berners-Lee implements his childhood Enquire “2.0” It took off because… a b c 3 crucial components: ____, ____, ____ A global documentation system at CERN [1990] As a way of justifying the purchase of a NeXT!

8 The early days of the Web : # HTTP hits at CERN grows by 1000 ( )

9 The early days of the Web: # servers grows from a 100’s to 1M (1991 – 1997)

Browsers Erwise and Viola [1992] were demo systems for s/w Lynx [??] text-based browser Mosaic [1993] popularized the web “It is on Mosaic”… Confusion between The browser? The web? The internet?

1994: A landmark year Mark Anderseen split from NCSA to form “Mosaic Comm. Corp.; forced to rename “Netscape” First WWW conference at CERN Dertouzos (MIT) and Berners-Lee (CERN) set up the WWW Consortium (W3C) at MIT’s LCS Read TBL Ch. 5-9

Listing of Directories and Search Engines Yahoo! ( - (1994-) directory service and search engine. Infoseek – ( ) search engine. Inktomi – (1995- ?) search engine infrastructure, acquired by Yahoo! AltaVista – (1995- ?) search engine, acquired by Overture in AlltheWeb – (1999-?) search engine, acquired by Overture in Ask Jeeves ( - (1996-) Q&A and search engine, acquired by IAC/InterActiveCorp in Overture – (1997-) pay-per-click search engine, acquired by Yahoo! MSN Search ( – ( ) MS Network’s search engine. Google ( – (1998-) – Best known search engine. Cuil ( -- ( ?) – latest “biggest” search engine. bing ( ( )MS’s better versionwww.bing.com Baidu ( ) Chinese-language search engine Yandex (2012- ) Russian-language search Engine