Currency and Inflation Crises Fin254f: Spring 2010 Lecture notes 2.2b Readings: Reinhart and Rogoff(11-12)
Outline Currency Debasement Inflation crises
Currency Debasement Dionysius of Syracuse (Greece), 4th century BC Takes on large debt Gathers all coins Changes units (1->2) on all coins, and uses this to pay off debt Formally: Reducing silver content in coins See table 11.1, and also figure 11.2 General move to “fiat” money (no intrinsic value)
Debasement (more thoughts) Old strategy/ancient history Monetary crises go back a long way Question for R+R: Price levels?
Inflation Crises Figure 12.1 (median inflation rates) Table 12.1 ( ) Many countries with large inflation Inflation is common Table 12.2 ( ) Inflation widespread over Africa and Asia Many periods of high inflation Figure 12.2 (countries with over 20 percent inflation)
Currency Crashes Higher in early periods Napoleonic wars ( ) Higher in recent periods too Figures
Aftermath “Dollarization” (foreign currency) About the same at end as at the peak of inflation Once people loose confidence hard to shift back Four dedollarization countries (figure 12.6) Policy: restrictions on foreign currency deposits
Summary Inflation crises common Unstable exchange rates go with this Currency loses confidence and Is taken over “dollarized” Difficult to regain confidence