Reinforcement USSF Referee Instructor CourseITIP United States Soccer Federation

Lesson Set Think about the last time you wanted your spouse or significant other to do something … or to STOP IT. You know the ways it takes to make these things happen, or to continue to happen or not happen without ever saying “Do it” or “Stop it”. This is called reinforcement theory. Reinforcement means to strengthen. Reinforcement

Lesson Objective You will write (2) examples of positive reinforcement and (2) examples of negative reinforcement to the satisfaction of the instructor. Reinforcement

Definition Reinforcement is the strengthening of what is to be learned. It is a reward system of the learning. It is also an important management tool to maintain and improve learning behavior during instruction. Reinforcement

Reinforcement Theory  Positive reinforcement  Negative reinforcement  Extinction Reinforcement

Positive Reinforcement Anything wanted or needed by the learner and given after desired behavior occurs SWIFT SPECIFIC SINCERE POWER …. it tells the person what to do Reinforcement

Positive Reinforcement Positive behaviors can be encouraged or elicited by the use of positive reinforcers. The messages you give are the most common forms of positive reinforcement. Watch your body language, this can say as much as your words. Privilege also reinforces Reinforcement

Reinforcement DO’S You got them all That’s getting better You’re really trying hard Not quite, look carefully and you’ll get it What’s the next thing you’re going to do? You did the first one, now try the next one Ignore the “blurter-outer” and call on someone who did what you asked That’s excellent work That’s coming along! Smile and give a thumbs up Reinforcement

Reinforcement DON’TS That’s wrong You missed five Same word response for everything, i.e. perfect, good, OK, right That’s great (When the student hasn’t really tried) You really know it (When there are errors) Now what did you mean by that remark? Since you finished all the questions, here’s another set to do Avoid being insincere or placing a personal value judgment on a task. Reinforcement

Negative Reinforcement Anything unpleasant or unwanted by the learner. Works in two ways: Suppresses the behavior that caused it Strengthens the behavior that removes it Ex. Do you have a car that has a buzzer that rings until you’ve fastened your seatbelt? The annoying buzzer is a negative reinforcement. Reinforcement

Negative Reinforcement Should be used when: A behavior is not desired It will stop (even temporarily) inappropriate behavior Negative reinforcement should always be followed with positive reinforcement, when the student responds with the appropriate behavior. Reinforcement

Extinction Extinction is ignoring a behavior, i.e. withholding any reinforcement until the behavior disappears. Non-productive behaviors can be eliminated by the use of extinction. Extinction works when it is a first time occurrence. Reinforcement

Extinction Should NOT be used when:  Peers are giving positive reinforcement  Behavior is productive  Behavior is harmful  Behavior is a habit Reinforcement

Lesson Assignment Write two examples of positive reinforcement and two examples of negative reinforcement that could be used in an Entry Level Referee clinic, labeling each and bring to the in-class sessions. Reinforcement

Reinforcement USSF Referee Instructor CourseITIP United States Soccer Federation