1 TOPIC 6 DATABASE 6.1 Introduction to Database 6.2 Basic Concept of Database 6.3 Database Object DATABASE

2 6.1 Introduction to Database At the end of this topic, students should be able to: 1. define ●Database ●Database Management System (DBMS) 2. describe advantages and disadvantages of database DATABASE Learning Outcome

3 DATABASE 6.1 Introduction to Database Database ● can be define as ; ● An collection of OR ● collection of data organized in a manner that allows access, retrieval, and use of that data – Shelly & Varmaat, 2012, OR ● a collection of data, manage and organized by a database management system – Petersen, 2002 ● related data, e.g. : information stored in University ( ) ● integrated: all data is stored in a uniform way on secondary storage.

4 DATABASE 6.1 Introduction to Database Database Management System (DBMS) ● can be define as ; ● that is used to create, maintain and manipulate data in the database, OR ● specific type of for creating, storing, organizing and accessing data from a database. ● provide an interface between the database and its users and other application programs ● DBA, a database administrator is the, who sets up and manage a database.

DATABASE 6.1 Introduction to Database DBMS’s example software

9 File System versus Databases Almost all application programs use either these two approaches (in managing data and information); DATABASE 6.1 Introduction to Database File SystemDatabase System

10 ● each department in an organization has its own set of files. ● the records in one file may not relate to the records in any other file. ● organizations have used file processing systems for many years. DATABASE 6.1 Introduction to Database File System

11 ● each department in an organization has its own set of files ●  Weakness#1, ● the records in one file may not relate to the records in any other file. ●  Weakness#2, ● organizations have used file processing systems for many years. ●  Weakness#3, DATABASE 6.1 Introduction to Database File System

12 ● database system – many programs and users share the data in the database. ● example#1: a school’s database most likely at a minimum contains data about students, instructors, schedule of classes, and student schedules. ● example#2: a library’s database stored data about book’s title, the author, ISBN number etc. DATABASE 6.1 Introduction to Database Database System

13 Database System, graphical representation of a School Database DATABASE 6.1 Introduction to Database

14 DATABASE 6.1 Introduction to Database

15 Advantages 1. data in a database environment is shared over a network. 2. better data accessibility using standard data query language (SQL). allows end- user to access and maintain data. 3. reduce data redundancy by improving data sharing. DATABASE 6.1 Introduction to Database

16 Advantages (continued) 4. improved data security (backup recovery, concurrency, access control) 5. is easy and fast to develop programs. 6. increasing data integrity through data independence from applications program. 7. reducing update errors (using same format) thus increasing data consistency DATABASE 6.1 Introduction to Database

17 Disadvantages 1., difficult, and time consuming to design 2. for all programmers and users 3.more memory, storage and processing power 4.Expensive hardware and software cost to setup database DATABASE 6.1 Introduction to Database

18 Disadvantages 5. Extensive conversion costs in moving form a file-based system to a database system 6. ● damage to database affects virtually all applications programs ● unauthorized users potentially could gain access to single database file that contains personal and confidential data DATABASE 6.1 Introduction to Database