SOURCES OF EVIDENCE 1. Universality 2. Unique predictions.

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Presentation transcript:

SOURCES OF EVIDENCE 1. Universality 2. Unique predictions

 sex differences in reproductive behavior are universal  Implies that they are built into the genetic code of our species  E.g. mating style differences (Clark & Hatfield study)

 Only EP makes certain predictions about sex differences  No prediction from other psychological theories

 Class survey  “I HAVE BAD NEWS”  Which is worse ?

-studies of personal ads Men – ask for younger Women – ask for older

 Men tend to agree with each other and are not influenced by other factors  Women’s judgments of attractiveness are influenced by other features (eg a man’s personality, wealth)

Fact: Women say they want nice guys Q: Do they really?

 In the pretest, women subjects said that their main criterion for a partner was “a nice guy”  Then they were asked to observe videos of men in discussion groups  They rated the attractiveness of a certain guy Kenrick’s Videotape Study

Dominant & nastyDominant & nice Submissive & nastySubmissive & nice

 Dominant men were rated as more attractive  Niceness did not make a difference  BUT -- depends on expected length of relationship (one date vs. lifetime relationship)

 Why would it be important?  EP predicts that males should care a lot

Took photos of subjects Morphed some of them into baby pictures

 STEP 1  Took photos of student subjects  Morphed some of them into baby pictures

 Brought the same subjects back to rate baby pictures  One picture is a morph of the subject & baby face  Subjects were asked to rate:  Which baby is more attractive ?  Which baby would you adopt ?  Which baby would you spend money on ?

 MALES  Showed strong preference for child resembling them  FEMALES  Showed no preference by resemblance

 T.V. remote?  Bath or shower?  Shoes?

1. PARENTAL INVESTMENT The sex that contributes more to raising offspring – is more discriminating in sexual mate choice.

 Females are more certain that a baby is theirs  But Males are not sure and so have to be more concerned  They need to avoid wasting their resources on unrelated offspring  e.g. Maury Povich T.V. show

!!

 Unique form of emotional attachment to sexual partners  Adaptive for sustaining the relationship  Otherwise the offspring won’t survive

 Parental investment  sex vs. relationship focus  casual sex  age preferences  Parental certainty  Jealousy  Self-similarity of baby  Pair-bonding  attachment & love