REVIEW QUESTIONS What does not have membrane bound organelles? prokaryote What is an example of a prokaryote? Bacteria What are the 3 parts of the cell theory? All organisms composed of cells - cell is basic unit of living things - all cells from pre-existing cells What is a eukaryote?Has membrane bound organelles

REVIEW CONTINUED: What are the functions of the cell membrane? Protect the cell – regulates what enters & leaves the cell What is homeostasis?The process of maintaining the cell’s (and body’s) internal environment What is selective permeability? When a cell membrane allows certain things in or out Explain the phospholipid bilayer? Phosphate is hydrophilic – lipid is hydrophobic – layer forms a barrier What is the outer boundary of a plant cell? CELL WALL

What is the control center of the cell? nucleus What is the site of protein synthesis? ribosomes What are the two kinds of ER? Rough ER and Smooth ER Which organelle sorts proteins? Golgi apparatus

Which type of cell has a LARGE vacuole? Plant cell What other organelle is found in plant cells only? plastids What organelle produces energy for the cell? mitochondria What gives a cell the ability to move? Cilia & flagella

NOTES – CELLULAR TRANSPORT there are several ways that this happens Cellular Transport movement of material across a cell membrane – into and out of the cell Diffusion random movement of molecules – from areas of HIGH concentration to areas of LOW concentration

dynamic equilibrium after mixing there is continued movement of particles but no change in concentration

Passive Transport substances cross the cell membrane without help from the cell - energy IS NOT needed Facilitated Diffusion substance diffuses across the cell membrane through special channels in proteins

Osmosis regulation (diffusion) of water across a cell membrane concentration of water is always trying to be kept constant & even on both sides of the cell membrane

Isotonic Solution concentration of water and substances is even on the outside and inside of the cell

Hypotonic Solution more water outside the cell than inside osmosis occurs forcing water into the cell pressure inside the cell (animal cell) will increase & the cell will swell (or burst)

Hypertonic Solution more water inside the cell than outside osmosis occurs forcing water out of the cell pressure inside the cell (animal cell) will decrease & the cell will shrink or shrivel up

Red Blood Cell in ISOTONIC SOLUTION Red Blood Cell in HYPERTONIC SOLUTION Red Blood Cell in HYPOTONIC SOLUTION

Active Transport substances cross the cell membrane WITH help from the cell (energy IS needed) Opposite of DIFFUSION substances move from areas of LOW concentration to HIGH concentration

Endocytosis cell surrounds material & brings it in Transport of large particles very large particles must get in & out of cells in a different way

Exocytosis cell expels waste – reverse of endocytosis both require energy & are forms of ACTIVE TRANSPORT