2003 P.M. VanRaden Animal Improvement Programs Laboratory Agricultural Research Service, USDA, Beltsville, MD Genetic Evaluations.

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Presentation transcript:

2003 P.M. VanRaden Animal Improvement Programs Laboratory Agricultural Research Service, USDA, Beltsville, MD Genetic Evaluations for Fitness and Fertility in the US and Other Nations Genetic Evaluations for Fitness and Fertility in the US and Other Nations

National Dairy Genetics Workshop – Fertility Evaluations (2)P.M. VanRaden 2003 Which Traits?  “A key priority in research and education should be to identify those traits that really affect cost of producing milk and concentrate selection on them” (McDaniel, 1976 National Workshop)  Still good advice today

National Dairy Genetics Workshop – Fertility Evaluations (3)P.M. VanRaden 2003 Genetic progress  G =accuracy  genetic SD  selection intensity  generation interval (Dickerson & Hazel, 1944)

National Dairy Genetics Workshop – Fertility Evaluations (4)P.M. VanRaden 2003 Heritability of N Records = N h**2 / [1 + (N – 1) Repeatability] (Lush, 1948) Trait Repeat- ability Lactations Protein SCS DPR PL 

National Dairy Genetics Workshop – Fertility Evaluations (5)P.M. VanRaden 2003 Average accuracy = square root of reliability / 100 Cows born 1995 Bulls born Protein (kg) SCS PL DPR Service sire CE Daughter CE Feet & Legs.62.84

National Dairy Genetics Workshop – Fertility Evaluations (6)P.M. VanRaden 2003 Coefficients of variation (CV) TraitMean Pheno- typic SD CV (%) Pheno typic Gen- etic Protein (lb) Stature (in) PL (mo) DPR (%) DPR = daughter pregnancy rate, PL = productive life,

National Dairy Genetics Workshop – Fertility Evaluations (7)P.M. VanRaden 2003 Trait Harmonization Mark, 2003 EAAP meeting Trait Countries Average corr. Avg. cor w / USA Protein Stature Fore Udd SCS Longevity SCE DCE

National Dairy Genetics Workshop – Fertility Evaluations (8)P.M. VanRaden 2003 MACE Longevity Correlations Jakobsen, 2003 Interbull meeting USADEUFRANZLNLDCANGBR USA DEU FRA NZL NLD CAN.89 Avg (14)

National Dairy Genetics Workshop – Fertility Evaluations (9)P.M. VanRaden 2003 MACE for Calving Ease Jakobsen, 2003 Interbull meeting Avg. cor (10 x 10)USADEUFRANZLNLDCANDNK Service sire CE Daugh- ter CE … USA corDEUFRANZLNLDCANDNK SCE DCE.61.92…

National Dairy Genetics Workshop – Fertility Evaluations (10)P.M. VanRaden 2003 Pregnancy Rate  Rate that cows become pregnant  Can be derived from days open  Non-linear: 21 / (DO – VWP + 11)  Linear approx: (233 – DO) / 4  Advantages over days open  Positive numbers are desirable  Earlier measure of herd fertility

National Dairy Genetics Workshop – Fertility Evaluations (11)P.M. VanRaden 2003 Pregnancy Rate vs Days Open Number of Chances Pregnancy Rate Days Open

National Dairy Genetics Workshop – Fertility Evaluations (12)P.M. VanRaden 2003 Cow Fertility Traits Evaluated in Largest Holstein Populations Country TraitUSADEUFRANZLNLDCANGBRAUS Ability to cycleYes Ability to conceiveYes Combined traitYes Emphasis7%2%13%10%7%8%

National Dairy Genetics Workshop – Fertility Evaluations (13)P.M. VanRaden 2003 Prediction of UK Calving Interval Wall et al, 2003 Interbull meeting Country, traitBulls Min Rel UK Rel PTA Corr. USA preg rate AUS preg rate NLD fert. index IRL calv. int DNK fert. index NZL fert. index

National Dairy Genetics Workshop – Fertility Evaluations (14)P.M. VanRaden 2003 International Fertility Correlations  UK, DEU, FRA, NLD (Wall, 2003)  Non-return, PTA correlation avg =.54  DNK, FIN, SWE (Mark, 2001)  Days to 1 st AI, genetic cor avg =.67  Non-return rate, genetic cor avg =.44  Ayr from NOR, DNK, FIN, SWE (Svendsen, 2001)  Fertility index, genetic cor avg =.73

National Dairy Genetics Workshop – Fertility Evaluations (15)P.M. VanRaden 2003 Value of Cow Fertility  Optimum days open  Pregnancy rate affects mean and variance  Reduced yield/day vs longer lactations  Fertility expenses per day open  Heat detection ($20 / lact .005)= $.10  Semen ($15 / unit + $5 labor) *.025= $.50  Pregnancy exam ($10 / exam)*.012= $.12  Lactations too long or short= $.75  Relative value of DPR = 7% of total

National Dairy Genetics Workshop – Fertility Evaluations (16)P.M. VanRaden 2003 Value of Calving Ease  Daughter CE value / difficult birth  Veterinary, labor costs= $50  Calf death (20% prob)= $25  Cow deaths before 1 st test (1% prob)= $15  Service sire CE also includes  Yield losses / lactation= $40  Fertility and longevity losses= $30  Relative values of each are 2% of total

National Dairy Genetics Workshop – Fertility Evaluations (17)P.M. VanRaden 2003 National Selection Indexes: Yield and Health Traits Country (Interbull Code) USA DEUFRANZLNLDCANGBRAUSITADNKSWE % of Interbull Population Index NameNM$NewRZGISUBWDPSLPIPLIAPRPFTS – ITMI Trait Protein Fat Milk % Protein 423 % Fat 122 Longevity SCS / mastitis Fertility Other diseases 23

National Dairy Genetics Workshop – Fertility Evaluations (18)P.M. VanRaden 2003 National Selection Indexes: Conformation and Management Traits Country (Interbull Code) USA DEUFRANZLNLDCANGBRAUSITADNKSWE % of Interbull Population Index NameNM$NewRZGISUBWDPSLPIPLIAPRPFTS – ITMI Trait Udder traits Feet / legs Size Dairy character2 Rump11 Final score42 Calving ease Growth / meat46 Milking Speed <146 Temperament523

National Dairy Genetics Workshop – Fertility Evaluations (19)P.M. VanRaden 2003 Response to NM$ Selection Trait NM$ 2000 NM$ 2003 Trait NM$ 2000 NM$ 2003 Protein.81.74Udder Fat.68.67F & L Milk.68.58Size-.10 PL.51.58SCE SCS DCE DPR.00.15

National Dairy Genetics Workshop – Fertility Evaluations (20)P.M. VanRaden 2003 Changes for November 2003  Earlier evaluation of DPR  Records in progress used at 130 instead of 250 DIM  6% gain in REL of DPR for new bulls  Developed by Melvin Kuhn  Use of DPR, SCE, DCE to predict PL  4% gain in REL of PL for recent bulls

National Dairy Genetics Workshop – Fertility Evaluations (21)P.M. VanRaden 2003 Conclusions  Most fitness traits are less heritable but more variable than yield and type  In August 2003 NM$, cow fertility receives 7% and calving ease traits each receive 2% of total selection  Reasonable progress is expected  National fitness trait evaluations need to reach foreign customers