4 Byr~1 Byr~250 Myr~100 MyrPresent Global Expansion Tectonics: A Challenge to Physics Dr James Maxlow – NPA 2012

What is EXPANSION TECTONICS? 4.5 Byr~1 Byr~250 Myr~100 MyrPresent “A study of the structure and movement of the Earth's crust due to an increase in Earth radius”. Dr James Maxlow – NPA 2012

Global Expansion Tectonics “Proof of any theory is by direct observation or by direct measurement” Dr James Maxlow – NPA 2012

Geophysical Evidence (1960s) North Atlantic Ocean Mid-Ocean-Ridge Dr James Maxlow – NPA 2012

Bedrock Geology of the World CGMW & UNESCO (1990) Dr James Maxlow – NPA 2012

Geological Evidence – ( 0 to 200Ma) Dr James Maxlow – NPA 2012

Pangaea – Permian (~250Ma) Dr James Maxlow – NPA 2012

Is this Fact or Mere Coincidence?  “it is difficult to believe that chance alone can explain this fitting together of the continental margins” (Barnett, 1962)  “I have been continually amazed that the simplicity with which Earth expansion answers so much of the Earth's evolution has been so delayed in universal adoption” (Vogel, 1983). Dr James Maxlow – NPA 2012

Empirical Earth Radius Dr James Maxlow – NPA 2012

Earth Radius Formula R a = (R 0 -R p )e kt + R p  Where: R 0 = present Earth radius at time t 0 R a = ancient Earth radius at time t a R p = primordial Earth radius at time t p = 1700 kilometres t = time before the present (negative) k = a constant = 4·5366x10 -9 /year Dr James Maxlow – NPA 2012

Kinematics of Earth Expansion Dr James Maxlow – NPA 2012

Mass, Density & Surface Gravity Dr James Maxlow – NPA 2012

Current Rates of Increase  RadiusdR/dt 0 = 22 mm/year  CircumferencedC/dt 0 = 140 mm/year  Surface areadS/dt 0 = 3·5 km 2 /year  VolumedV/dt 0 = 11,000 km 3 /year Assuming a constant density and increasing mass  MassdM/dt 0 = 60 x t/year  Surface gravitydg/dt 0 = 3·4 x msec -2 /yr Dr James Maxlow – NPA 2012

Scientific Dilemma  Unbeknown to most scientists we have now reached a critical point in the development of science. One seemingly trivial reorientation of scientific perspective, from a static radius Earth to an actively increasing Earth radius viewpoint, has the potential to completely negate the established consensus of opinion and scientific beliefs of today. (James Maxlow 2002) Dr James Maxlow – NPA 2012

Suggested Causal Mechanism Dr James Maxlow – NPA 2012

A Challenge to Physics To accept the challenge and find me a convincing “motor and mechanism” to explain the observed empirical increase in Earth surface area and radius through time. Dr James Maxlow – NPA 2012

Publications  Hardcopy Book  E-Book Webpage: Thesis: WCU Dr James Maxlow – NPA 2012