What vulnerabilities do you face in cyberspace?  Cyberbullying  Cyberstalking  Racial hatred  Exposure to violent, disturbing and/or illegal material including child pornography  Exposure to adult material not suitable for children  Intrusions into privacy

Cyber bullying  Harassment using digital media such as websites, , chat rooms, social networking pages or instant messages

Cyber stalking  Repeated harassment using , text messaging or other digital media with the intention of causing fear or intimidation

What’s the difference between cyberbullying and cyberstalking  Cyberbullying is a one time occurrence  However reoccurrence is deemed cyberstalking

When does it become illegal?  If it becomes harassment that is illegal  If someone makes threats against a person that are illegal

LEGISLATION  Australian Human Rights Commission Act 1986  Age Discrimination Act 2004  Disability Discrimination Act 1992  Racial Discrimination Act 1975  Sex Discrimination Act 1984  Criminal Code Stalking Amendment Act 1999  Crimes Amendment (Computer offences) Act 2001  Spam Act 2003

Individual Rights  These laws protect peoples human rights in accordance to article 3 of universal declaration of human rights concerning the rights to security of person and are able to apply to cases related to bullying and stalking.  However with the rapid increase of technology, are these laws becoming outdated?

Status  Most law are archaic and are hard to apply to the different nature of the cyber space.  The cyberspace evolve rapidly, even the current amendment might even be outdated now.  Most incident happens overseas, right now there’s no global legislation that cover this area.  Most law cover only a directed threat or attack but a lot of cyber bullying are posted for the public to see.

Case study  Save art from Rmit case  Where the threat are posted on the Facebook wall therefore there is no directed threat to the victim