Protist Kingdom Chapter 19

What makes a protist a protist? Protists are the most diverse kingdom They were the very first eukaryotes Gave rise to fungi, plant, and animal kingdom A protist is any eukaryote that is not a fungus, plant or animal! Protists may be unicellular or multicellular Can reproduce sexually or asexually Protists are divided into 14 different phyla:

Rhizopoda (amoebas) Move by flexible extensions called pseudopodia no cell walls or flagella Engulf food by phagocytosis Live in fresh water, salt water, and in the soil Can cause disease dysentery

Rhizopoda (amoebas) Feeding Amoeba

Foraminifera (forams) Live in marine environments Have porous shells called tests Resemble a tiny snail Uses long thin projections of cytoplasms extended through holes in the test to swim and capture prey Calcium carbonate shells of dead forams help form limestone

Foraminifera (forams)

Bacillariophyta (diatoms) Photosynthetic Unicellular Have double shells (diatoms) Abundant in oceans and lakes Usually reproduce asexually Empty shells make diatomaceous earth Used in abrasives, car paint, animal feeds, whitening toothpaste and as an insect repellant

Bacillariophyta (diatoms)

Bacillariophyta (diatoms)

Bacillariophyta (diatoms)

Chlorophyta (green algae) Autotrophic (photosynthetic) Contains chlorophyll Most are unicellular but some are multicellular Live in saltwater, freshwater, and damp soil

Chlorophyta (green algae)

Chlorophyta (green algae)

Rhodophyta (red algae) Multicellular Photosynthetic Red pigment absorbs light at greater depths

Phaeophyta (brown algae) Multicellular Include kelp, one of the largest organisms on Earth

Algae Uses Algae are used in many things: used as a thickener and to stabilize ingredients in dairy products, paint and cosmetics (carrageenan) used in food and food additives and also in bacterial culture (agar) Nori, Japanese seaweed paper is used in sushi, soup and many other dishes – it is a mixture of different species of red algae

Dinoflagellata Most are marine, few freshwater Protective cellulose coat Some produce powerful toxins Cause “red tides”

Zoomastigina Unicellular One or many flagellum One species Trichonympha is symbionic with termites and digest wood

Euglenophyta Live in freshwater Have two flagella Some photosynthetic Have eyespots to sense light Euglena in Motion

Ciliophora Complex protists Use cilia to swim Have two nuclei: macronuclei and micronuclei Reproduction usually mitosis Feeding Paramecia

Slime Molds Myxomycota and Oomycota Cellular slime molds are unicellular but in times of stress the come together to form a “slug”

Slime Molds Myxomycota and Oomycota Plasmodial slime molds are a group of organisms that stream along together as a plasmodium

Apicomplexa (sporozoans) Parasitic Often transmitted from host to host through blood-feeding insects Example: malaria Malaria kills more people globally than any other infectious disease